Separate uplink and downlink antenna repeater architecture

ABSTRACT

Technology for a signal booster is disclosed. The signal booster can include a signal amplifier configured to amplify and filter signals for a wireless device. The signal booster can include one or more detectors configured to detect power levels of the signals. The signal amplifier can include at least one of: one or more bypassable amplifiers or one or more switchable band pass filters that are configurable depending on detected power levels of the signals.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/240,674, filed Aug. 18, 2016, which claims thebenefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/206,423, filedAug. 18, 2015, the entire specifications of which are each herebyincorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes.

BACKGROUND

Signal boosters can be used to increase the quality of wirelesscommunication between a wireless device and a wireless communicationaccess point, such as a cell tower. Signal boosters can improve thequality of the wireless communication by amplifying, filtering, and/orapplying other processing techniques to uplink and downlink signalscommunicated between the wireless device and the wireless communicationaccess point.

As an example, the signal booster can receive, via an antenna, downlinksignals from the wireless communication access point. The signal boostercan amplify the downlink signal and then provide an amplified downlinksignal to the wireless device. In other words, the signal booster canact as a relay between the wireless device and the wirelesscommunication access point. As a result, the wireless device can receivea stronger signal from the wireless communication access point.Similarly, uplink signals from the wireless device (e.g., telephonecalls and other data) can be directed to the signal booster. The signalbooster can amplify the uplink signals before communicating, via theantenna, the uplink signals to the wireless communication access point.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Features and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from thedetailed description which follows, taken in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings, which together illustrate, by way of example,features of the disclosure; and, wherein:

FIG. 1 illustrates a signal booster in communication with a wirelessdevice and a base station in accordance with an example;

FIG. 2 illustrates a cellular signal booster configured to amplifyuplink (UL) and downlink (DL) signals using one or more downlink signalpaths and one or more uplink signal paths in accordance with an example;

FIG. 3 illustrates a handheld booster implemented in a handheld boostersleeve in accordance with an example;

FIG. 4 illustrates a cellular signal amplifier configured to amplifyuplink (UL) and downlink (DL) signals in accordance with an example;

FIG. 5 illustrates a cellular signal amplifier configured to amplify DLsignals in accordance with an example;

FIG. 6 illustrates a cellular signal amplifier configured with asimultaneous bypass path in accordance with an example;

FIG. 7 illustrates a cellular signal amplifier configured with asimultaneous bypass path in accordance with an example;

FIG. 8 illustrates a cellular signal amplifier with an amplified outsideantenna and a simultaneous bypass path to a passive outside antenna inaccordance with an example;

FIG. 9 illustrates a cellular signal amplifier with a simultaneousbypass path with independent coupling for each of an amplified outsideantenna and a passive outside antenna in accordance with an example;

FIG. 10 illustrates a cellular signal amplifier with bypassable poweramplifiers in accordance with an example;

FIG. 11 illustrates a cellular signal amplifier configured withswitchable band pass filters (BPFs) in accordance with an example;

FIG. 12 illustrates a cellular signal amplifier with bypassable poweramplifiers in accordance with an example;

FIG. 13 illustrates a handheld booster sleeve configured to wirelesslycharge a wireless device located within the handheld booster sleeve inaccordance with an example;

FIG. 14 illustrates a wireless device in accordance with an example;

FIG. 15a illustrates a repeater with a receive diversity antenna port inaccordance with an example;

FIG. 15b illustrates a multiband repeater with a receive diversityantenna port in accordance with an example;

FIG. 15c illustrates a repeater with a receive diversity antenna port inaccordance with an example;

FIG. 15d illustrates a repeater with a receive diversity antenna port inaccordance with an example;

FIG. 15e illustrates a repeater with a receive diversity antenna port inaccordance with an example;

FIG. 15f illustrates a multiband repeater with a receive diversityantenna port in accordance with an example;

FIG. 15g illustrates a repeater with a receive diversity antenna port inaccordance with an example;

FIG. 15h illustrates a repeater with a receive diversity antenna port inaccordance with an example;

FIG. 16a illustrates a multiband repeater with a receive diversityantenna port in accordance with an example;

FIGS. 16b to 16e illustrate multi-filter packages in accordance with anexample;

FIGS. 16f to 16i illustrate multi-filter packages in accordance with anexample;

FIG. 16j illustrates a multiband repeater with a receive diversityantenna port in accordance with an example;

FIG. 16k illustrates a multiband repeater with a receive diversityantenna port in accordance with an example;

FIG. 16l illustrates a multiband repeater with a receive diversityantenna port in accordance with an example;

FIG. 17 depicts a repeater in accordance with an example;

FIG. 18 depicts a repeater in accordance with an example;

FIG. 19 depicts a repeater in accordance with an example;

FIG. 20 depicts a repeater in accordance with an example; and

FIG. 21 depicts a signal booster in accordance with an example.

Reference will now be made to the exemplary embodiments illustrated, andspecific language will be used herein to describe the same. It willnevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of theinvention is thereby intended.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Before the present invention is disclosed and described, it is to beunderstood that this invention is not limited to the particularstructures, process steps, or materials disclosed herein, but isextended to equivalents thereof as would be recognized by thoseordinarily skilled in the relevant arts. It should also be understoodthat terminology employed herein is used for the purpose of describingparticular examples only and is not intended to be limiting. The samereference numerals in different drawings represent the same element.Numbers provided in flow charts and processes are provided for clarityin illustrating steps and operations and do not necessarily indicate aparticular order or sequence.

Example Embodiments

An initial overview of technology embodiments is provided below and thenspecific technology embodiments are described in further detail later.This initial summary is intended to aid readers in understanding thetechnology more quickly but is not intended to identify key features oressential features of the technology nor is it intended to limit thescope of the claimed subject matter.

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary signal booster 120 in communication witha wireless device 110 and a base station 130. The signal booster 120 canbe referred to as a repeater or signal amplifier. A repeater can be anelectronic device used to amplify (or boost) signals. The signal booster120 (also referred to as a cellular signal amplifier) can improve thequality of wireless communication by amplifying, filtering, and/orapplying other processing techniques via a signal amplifier 122 touplink signals communicated from the wireless device 110 to the basestation 130 and/or downlink signals communicated from the base station130 to the wireless device 110. In other words, the signal booster 120can amplify or boost uplink signals and/or downlink signalsbi-directionally. In one example, the signal booster 120 can be at afixed location, such as in a home or office. Alternatively, the signalbooster 120 can be attached to a mobile object, such as a vehicle or awireless device 110.

In one configuration, the signal booster 120 can include an integrateddevice antenna 124 (e.g., an inside antenna or a coupling antenna) andan integrated node antenna 126 (e.g., an outside antenna). Theintegrated node antenna 126 can receive the downlink signal from thebase station 130. The downlink signal can be provided to the signalamplifier 122 via a second coaxial cable 127 or other type of radiofrequency connection operable to communicate radio frequency signals.The signal amplifier 122 can include one or more cellular signalamplifiers for amplification and filtering. The downlink signal that hasbeen amplified and filtered can be provided to the integrated deviceantenna 124 via a first coaxial cable 125 or other type of radiofrequency connection operable to communicate radio frequency signals.The integrated device antenna 124 can wirelessly communicate thedownlink signal that has been amplified and filtered to the wirelessdevice 110.

Similarly, the integrated device antenna 124 can receive an uplinksignal from the wireless device 110. The uplink signal can be providedto the signal amplifier 122 via the first coaxial cable 125 or othertype of radio frequency connection operable to communicate radiofrequency signals. The signal amplifier 122 can include one or morecellular signal amplifiers for amplification and filtering. The uplinksignal that has been amplified and filtered can be provided to theintegrated node antenna 126 via the second coaxial cable 127 or othertype of radio frequency connection operable to communicate radiofrequency signals. The integrated device antenna 126 can communicate theuplink signal that has been amplified and filtered to the base station130.

In one example, the signal booster 120 can send uplink signals to a nodeand/or receive downlink signals from the node. The node can comprise awireless wide area network (WWAN) access point (AP), a base station(BS), an evolved Node B (eNB), a baseband unit (BBU), a remote radiohead (RRH), a remote radio equipment (RRE), a relay station (RS), aradio equipment (RE), a remote radio unit (RRU), a central processingmodule (CPM), or another type of WWAN access point.

In one example, the signal booster 120 can amplify uplink signals, andthen send amplified uplink signals to the node. Alternatively, theuplink signals can be passed without amplification or filtering. Forexample, the uplink signals can be communicated from the wireless device110 to the node (e.g., eNodeB) while bypassing the signal booster 120.

In one configuration, the signal booster 120 used to amplify the uplinkand/or a downlink signal is a handheld booster. The handheld booster canbe implemented in a sleeve (or case) of the wireless device 110. Thewireless device sleeve may be attached to the wireless device 110, butmay be removed as needed. In this configuration, the signal booster 120can automatically power down or cease amplification when the wirelessdevice 110 approaches a particular base station. In other words, thesignal booster 120 may determine to stop performing signal amplificationwhen the quality of uplink and/or downlink signals is above a definedthreshold based on a location of the wireless device 110 in relation tothe base station 130.

In one example, the signal booster 120 can include a battery to providepower to various components, such as the signal amplifier 122, theintegrated device antenna 124 and the integrated node antenna 126. Thebattery can also power the wireless device 110 (e.g., phone or tablet).Alternatively, the signal booster 120 can receive power from thewireless device 110.

In one configuration, the signal booster 120 can be a FederalCommunications Commission (FCC)-compatible consumer signal booster. As anon-limiting example, the signal booster 120 can be compatible with FCCPart 20 or 47 Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.) Part 20.21 (Mar. 21,2013). In addition, the handheld booster can operate on the frequenciesused for the provision of subscriber-based services under parts 22(Cellular), 24 (Broadband PCS), 27 (AWS-1, 700 MHz Lower A-E Blocks, and700 MHz Upper C Block), and 90 (Specialized Mobile Radio) of 47 C.F.R.The signal booster 120 can be configured to automatically self-monitorits operation to ensure compliance with applicable noise and gainlimits. The signal booster 120 can either self-correct or shut downautomatically if the signal booster's operations violate the regulationsdefined in FCC Part 20.21. It should be noted that these FCC regulationsapply to FCC-compatible consumer repeaters and may not be applicable toa user equipment (UE) in communication with an FCC-compatible consumerrepeater. While a repeater that is compatible with FCC regulations isprovided as an example, it is not intended to be limiting. The repeatercan be configured to be compatible with other governmental regulationsbased on the location where the repeater is configured to operate.

In one configuration, the signal booster 120 can improve the wirelessconnection between the wireless device 110 and the base station 130(e.g., cell tower) or another type of wireless wide area network (WWAN)access point (AP). The signal booster 120 can boost signals for cellularstandards, such as the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) LongTerm Evolution (LTE) Release 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, or 16standards or Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers (IEEE)802.16. In one configuration, the signal booster 120 can boost signalsfor 3GPP LTE Release 16.0.0 (January 2019) or other desired releases.The signal booster 120 can boost signals from the 3GPP TechnicalSpecification 36.101 (Release 16 Jan. 2019) bands or LTE frequencybands. For example, the signal booster 120 can boost signals from theLTE frequency bands: 2, 4, 5, 12, 13, 17, 25, 26, and 71. The signalbooster 120 can boost selected frequency bands based on the country orregion in which the signal booster is used, including any of 3GPP LTEfrequency bands 1 through 85, 3GPP 5G frequency bands 1 through 86, 3GPP5G frequency bands 257 through 261, or other frequency bands, asdisclosed in 3GPP TS 36.104 V16.0.0 (January 2019) or 3GPP TS 38.104v15.4.0 (January 2019). In addition, the signal booster 120 can boosttime division duplexing (TDD) and/or frequency division duplexing (FDD)signals.

The number of LTE frequency bands and the level of signal improvementcan vary based on a particular wireless device, cellular node, orlocation. Additional domestic and international frequencies can also beincluded to offer increased functionality. Selected models of the signalbooster 120 can be configured to operate with selected frequency bandsbased on the location of use. In another example, the signal booster 120can automatically sense from the wireless device 110 or base station 130(or GPS, etc.) which frequencies are used, which can be a benefit forinternational travelers.

In one example, the integrated device antenna 124 and the integratednode antenna 126 can be comprised of a single antenna, an antenna array,or have a telescoping form-factor. In another example, the integrateddevice antenna 124 and the integrated node antenna 126 can be amicrochip antenna. An example of a microchip antenna is AMMAL001. In yetanother example, the integrated device antenna 124 and the integratednode antenna 126 can be a printed circuit board (PCB) antenna. Anexample of a PCB antenna is TE 2118310-1.

In one example, the integrated device antenna 124 can receive uplink(UL) signals from the wireless device 100 and transmit DL signals to thewireless device 100 using a single antenna. Alternatively, theintegrated device antenna 124 can receive UL signals from the wirelessdevice 100 using a dedicated UL antenna, and the integrated deviceantenna 124 can transmit DL signals to the wireless device 100 using adedicated DL antenna.

In one example, the integrated device antenna 124 can wirelesscommunicate with one or more antennas in the wireless device 110. Inanother example, the integrated device antenna 124 can be coupled to oneor more antennas in the wireless device 110. In addition, the integrateddevice antenna 124 can communicate with the wireless device 110 usingnear field communication, or alternatively, the integrated deviceantenna 124 can communicate with the wireless device 110 using far fieldcommunication.

In one example, the integrated node antenna 126 can receive downlink(DL) signals from the base station 130 and transmit uplink (UL) signalsto the base station 130 via a single antenna. Alternatively, theintegrated node antenna 126 can receive DL signals from the base station130 using a dedicated DL antenna, and the integrated node antenna 126can transmit UL signals to the base station 130 using a dedicated ULantenna.

In one configuration, multiple signal boosters can be used to amplify ULand DL signals. For example, a first signal booster can be used toamplify UL signals and a second signal booster can be used to amplify DLsignals. In addition, different signal boosters can be used to amplifydifferent frequency ranges.

In one configuration, when the signal booster 120 is a handheld booster,a phone-specific case of the handheld booster can be configured for aspecific type or model of wireless device. The phone-specific case canbe configured with the integrated device antenna 124 located at adesired location to enable communication with an antenna of the specificwireless device. In addition, amplification and filtering of the uplinkand downlink signals can be provided to optimize the operation of thespecific wireless device. In one example, the handheld booster can beconfigured to communicate with a wide range of wireless devices. Inanother example, the handheld booster can be adjustable to be configuredfor multiple wireless devices.

In one configuration, when the signal booster 120 is a handheld booster,the handheld booster can be configured to identify when the wirelessdevice 110 receives a relatively strong downlink signal. An example of astrong downlink signal can be a downlink signal with a signal strengthgreater than approximately −80 dBm. The handheld booster can beconfigured to automatically turn off selected features, such asamplification, to conserve battery life. When the handheld boostersenses that the wireless device 110 is receiving a relatively weakdownlink signal, the integrated booster can be configured to provideamplification of the downlink signal. An example of a weak downlinksignal can be a downlink signal with a signal strength less than −80dBm.

In one example, the handheld booster can be designed, certified andproduced in view of a specific absorption rate (SAR). Many countrieshave SAR limits which can limit the amount of RF radiation that can betransmitted by a wireless device. This can protect users from harmfulamounts of radiation being absorbed in their hand, body, or head. In oneexample, when allowable SAR values are exceeded, a telescopingintegrated node antenna may help to remove the radiation from theimmediate area of the user. In another example, the handheld booster canbe certified to be used away from a user, such as in use with Bluetoothheadsets, wired headsets, and speaker-phones to allow the SAR rates tobe higher than if the handheld booster were used in a location adjacenta user's head. Additionally, Wi-Fi communications can be disabled toreduce SAR values when the SAR limit is exceeded.

In one example, mobile devices are often already at a SAR limit, and thehandheld booster can potentially increase the SAR. Therefore, in orderto reduce the SAR, the mobile device antenna can be blocked fromincreasing the SAR. For example, a portion of the mobile device can bewrapped in a defined type of metal (e.g., aluminum) or radio frequency(RF) absorbent can be placed between the mobile device and the metal.These techniques can reduce reflections and increase stability, therebyreducing the SAR.

In one example, mobile devices can be designed from a limitedspace/weight perspective, such that mobile device antennas can becompromised. Therefore, the handheld booster can provide an improvedintegrated node antenna (for communication with a base station). Theintegrated node antenna can be in a computer chip, printed circuit board(PCB), array, beam-forming array or a telescoping form-factor.

In one example, the handheld booster can also include one or more of: awaterproof casing, a shock absorbent casing, a flip-cover, a wallet, orextra memory storage for the wireless device. In one example, extramemory storage can be achieved with a direct connection between thehandheld booster and the wireless device 110. In another example,Near-Field Communications (NFC), Bluetooth v4.0, Bluetooth Low Energy,Bluetooth v4.1, Bluetooth v4.2, Ultra High Frequency (UHF), 3GPP LTE,Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers (IEEE) 802.11a, IEEE802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.11ac, or IEEE 802.11ad canbe used to couple the handheld booster with the wireless device 110 toenable data from the wireless device 110 to be communicated to andstored in the extra memory storage that is integrated in the handheldbooster. Alternatively, a connector can be used to connect the wirelessdevice 110 to the extra memory storage.

In one example, the handheld booster can include photovoltaic cells orsolar panels as a technique of charging the integrated battery and/or abattery of the wireless device 110. In another example, the handheldbooster can be configured to communicate directly with other wirelessdevices with handheld boosters. In one example, the integrated nodeantenna 126 can communicate over Very High Frequency (VHF)communications directly with integrated node antennas of other handheldboosters. The handheld booster can be configured to communicate with thewireless device 110 through a direct connection, Near-FieldCommunications (NFC), Bluetooth v4.0, Bluetooth Low Energy, Bluetoothv4.1, Bluetooth v4.2, Ultra High Frequency (UHF), 3GPP LTE, Institute ofElectronics and Electrical Engineers (IEEE) 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE802.11g, IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ad, a TV White SpaceBand (TVWS), or any other industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radioband. Examples of such ISM bands include 2.4 GHz, 3.6 GHz, 4.9 GHz, 5GHz, 5.9 GHz, or 6.1 GHz. This configuration can allow data to pass athigh rates between multiple wireless devices with handheld boosters.This configuration can also allow users to send text messages, initiatephone calls, and engage in video communications between wireless deviceswith handheld boosters. In one example, the integrated node antenna 126can be configured to couple to the wireless device 110. In other words,communications between the integrated node antenna 126 and the wirelessdevice 110 can bypass the integrated booster.

In another example, a separate VHF node antenna can be configured tocommunicate over VHF communications directly with separate VHF nodeantennas of other handheld boosters. This configuration can allow theintegrated node antenna 126 to be used for simultaneous cellularcommunications. The separate VHF node antenna can be configured tocommunicate with the wireless device 110 through a direct connection,Near-Field Communications (NFC), Bluetooth v4.0, Bluetooth Low Energy,Bluetooth v4.1, Bluetooth v4.2, Ultra High Frequency (UHF), 3GPP LTE,Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers (IEEE) 802.11a, IEEE802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ad, a TVWhite Space Band (TVWS), or any other industrial, scientific and medical(ISM) radio band. In another example, the handheld booster can beconfigured to determine the SAR value. The handheld booster can beconfigured to disable cellular communications or Wi-Fi communicationswhen a SAR limit is exceeded.

In one configuration, the signal booster 120 can be configured forsatellite communication. In one example, the integrated node antenna 126can be configured to act as a satellite communication antenna. Inanother example, a separate node antenna can be used for satellitecommunications. The signal booster 120 can extend the range of coverageof the wireless device 110 configured for satellite communication. Theintegrated node antenna 126 can receive downlink signals from satellitecommunications for the wireless device 110. The signal booster 120 canfilter and amplify the downlink signals from the satellitecommunication. In another example, during satellite communications, thewireless device 110 can be configured to couple to the signal booster120 via a direct connection or an ISM radio band. Examples of such ISMbands include 2.4 GHz, 3.6 GHz, 4.9 GHz, 5 GHz, 5.9 GHz, or 6.1 GHz.

FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary bi-directional wireless signal booster200 configured to amplify uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) signals using aseparate signal path for each UL frequency band and DL frequency bandand a controller 240. An outside antenna 210, or an integrated nodeantenna, can receive a downlink signal. For example, the downlink signalcan be received from a base station (not shown). The downlink signal canbe provided to a first B1/B2 diplexer 212, wherein B1 represents a firstfrequency band and B2 represents a second frequency band. The firstB1/B2 diplexer 212 can create a B1 downlink signal path and a B2downlink signal path. Therefore, a downlink signal that is associatedwith B1 can travel along the B1 downlink signal path to a first B1duplexer 214, or a downlink signal that is associated with B2 can travelalong the B2 downlink signal path to a first B2 duplexer 216. Afterpassing the first B1 duplexer 214, the downlink signal can travelthrough a series of amplifiers (e.g., A10, A11 and A12) and downlinkband pass filters (BPF) to a second B1 duplexer 218. Alternatively,after passing the first B2 duplexer 216, the downlink can travel througha series of amplifiers (e.g., A07, A08 and A09) and downlink band passfilters (BFF) to a second B2 duplexer 220. At this point, the downlinksignal (B1 or B2) has been amplified and filtered in accordance with thetype of amplifiers and BPFs included in the bi-directional wirelesssignal booster 200. The downlink signals from the second B1 duplexer 218or the second B2 duplexer 220, respectively, can be provided to a secondB1/B2 diplexer 222. The second B1/B2 diplexer 222 can provide anamplified downlink signal to an inside antenna 230, or an integrateddevice antenna. The inside antenna 230 can communicate the amplifieddownlink signal to a wireless device (not shown), such as a mobilephone.

In one example, the inside antenna 230 can receive an uplink (UL) signalfrom the wireless device. The uplink signal can be provided to thesecond B1/B2 diplexer 222. The second B1/B2 diplexer 222 can create a B1uplink signal path and a B2 uplink signal path. Therefore, an uplinksignal that is associated with B1 can travel along the B1 uplink signalpath to the second B1 duplexer 218, or an uplink signal that isassociated with B2 can travel along the B2 uplink signal path to thesecond B2 duplexer 222. After passing the second B1 duplexer 218, theuplink signal can travel through a series of amplifiers (e.g., A01, A02and A03) and uplink band pass filters (BPF) to the first B1 duplexer214. Alternatively, after passing the second B2 duplexer 220, the uplinksignal can travel through a series of amplifiers (e.g., A04, A05 andA06) and uplink band pass filters (BPF) to the first B2 duplexer 216. Atthis point, the uplink signal (B1 or B2) has been amplified and filteredin accordance with the type of amplifiers and BFFs included in thebi-directional wireless signal booster 200. The uplink signals from thefirst B1 duplexer 214 or the first B2 duplexer 216, respectively, can beprovided to the first B1/B2 diplexer 212. The first B1/B2 diplexer 212can provide an amplified uplink signal to the outside antenna 210. Theoutside antenna can communicate the amplified uplink signal to the basestation.

In one example, the bi-directional wireless signal booster 200 can be a6-band booster. In other words, the bi-directional wireless signalbooster 200 can perform amplification and filtering for downlink anduplink signals having a frequency in bands B1, B2, B3 B4, B5 and/or B6.

In one example, the bi-directional wireless signal booster 200 can usethe duplexers to separate the uplink and downlink frequency bands, whichare then amplified and filtered separately. A multiple-band cellularsignal booster can typically have dedicated radio frequency (RF)amplifiers (gain blocks), RF detectors, variable RF attenuators and RFfilters for each uplink and downlink band.

FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary configuration of a handheld booster 310implemented in a handheld booster sleeve 300. The handheld boostersleeve 300 may hold the handheld booster 310, as well as a mobile device320 with a mobile device antenna 322. The handheld booster sleeve 300can be removable, such that the mobile device 320 can be inserted andremoved from the handheld booster sleeve 300. The handheld booster 310can incorporate a node antenna 312 and a coupling antenna 316 (alsoreferred to as an integrated device antenna). The handheld boostersleeve 300 an incorporate the handheld booster 310, the node antenna 312and the coupling antenna 316 in a single form-factor. The handheldbooster sleeve 300 can protect the mobile device 320 and the handheldbooster 310.

The handheld booster 310 may amplify signals received from the mobiledevice 320 and/or signals transmitted to the mobile device 320. Forexample, the handheld booster 300 can receive downlink signals from abase station (not shown) via the node antenna 312, and the downlinksignals can be amplified and then provided to the mobile device 320 viathe coupling antenna 316. As another example, the handheld booster 300can receive uplink signals from the mobile device 320 via the couplingantenna 316, and the uplink signals can be amplified and then providedto the base station via the node antenna 312. In one example, thehandheld booster 310 can provide up to a 6 decibel (dB) improvement tothe cellular signal.

In one example, the handheld booster sleeve 310 can include a battery314. The battery 314 in the handheld booster sleeve 300 can providepower the booster active components. The battery 314 can also power themobile device 320 (i.e. phone or tablet). Alternatively, the handheldbooster 310 can receive power from the mobile device 320.

In one example, in order to minimize power loss between the couplingantenna 316 of the handheld booster 310 and the mobile device antenna322, the coupling antenna 316 can be substantially aligned with themobile device antenna 322. However, aligning the coupling antenna 316 inthe handheld booster 310 with the mobile device antenna 322 can causethe mobile device antenna 322 to be dependent on the coupling antenna316. In other words, the antenna in the mobile device 320 may not beused independently since it is covered by the coupling antenna 316.Therefore, in one example, the position of the coupling antenna 316 canbe offset from the mobile device antenna 322 by a coupling distance. Thecoupling distance, or distance between the mobile device antenna 322 andthe coupling antenna 316, can form a simultaneous bypass path. Aselected distance between the mobile device antenna 322 and the couplingantenna 316 can act as a bypass for non-amplified signals to betransmitted and/or received via the mobile device antenna 322 withoutentering the handheld booster 310, which can allow for significant powersavings by not amplifying all mobile device UL and DL signals.

In one example, increasing the spacing between the coupling antenna 316and the mobile device antenna 322 can increase coupling loss and reduceinterference for the simultaneous bypass path. However, increasing thegain of the handheld booster 310 can overcome the increased couplingloss while maintaining the bypass for non-amplified signals.

In one example, the coupling antenna 316 can be coupled with a primaryantenna of the mobile device 320. The mobile device 320 can include asecondary antenna. The coupling antenna 316 can be coupled with theprimary antenna of the mobile device 320 at a predetermined distance,such that the primary antenna can be considered blocked by the mobiledevice 320. When the mobile device 320 considers the primary antennablocked, the secondary antenna can be used to transmit and receive UL orDL signals. In one example, the handheld booster 310 can amplify DLsignals, and the coupling antenna 316 can transmit the amplified DLsignals to the primary antenna of the mobile device 320. Thus, thesecondary antenna of the mobile device 320 can be used directly for ULcommunications with the base station.

In previous solutions, mobile device sleeves fail to incorporate anintegrated signal booster, and particularly not a Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)-compatible consumer signal booster. In contrast, asshown, the handheld booster sleeve 300 can incorporate the handheldbooster 310, and the handheld booster 310 can be an FCC-compatibleconsumer signal booster.

In one example, the handheld booster 310 can detect and mitigateunintended oscillations in uplink and downlink bands. The handheldbooster 310 can be configured to automatically power down or ceaseamplification as the mobile device 320 approaches an affected basestation.

In one example, the handheld booster 310 can enable a cellularconnection, increase data rates and/or increase performance in otherwisepoor-connection areas. The handheld booster 310 can be used in serieswith a standard signal booster to improve performance.

Typically, mobile devices can have an increased noise figure (e.g., 5-6dB) when the mobile devices do not use low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) ontheir radio frequency (RF) front-end receiving paths. However, thehandheld booster 300 can lower the noise figure (e.g., to approximately1-2 dB) by using one or more LNAs.

In one configuration, a separate sleeve-to-sleeve node antenna can beconfigured to communicate directly with separate sleeve-to-sleeve nodeantennas of other handheld boosters. This configuration can allow thenode antenna 312 to be used for simultaneous cellular communications.The separate sleeve-to-sleeve node antenna can communicate with themobile device 320 through a direct connection, Near-Field Communications(NFC), Bluetooth v4.0, Bluetooth Low Energy, Bluetooth v4.1, Bluetoothv4.2, Ultra High Frequency (UHF), 3GPP LTE, Institute of Electronics andElectrical Engineers (IEEE) 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE802.11n, IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ad, a TV White Space Band (TVWS), orany other industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio band.

In one example, the handheld booster 310 can determine the SAR value.The handheld booster can be configured to disable cellularcommunications or Wi-Fi communications when a SAR limit is exceeded.

FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary cellular signal amplifier configured toamplify uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) signals. The cellular signalamplifier can include an integrated device antenna, an integrated ULnode antenna and an integrated DL node antenna. In one example, theamplification of UL and DL signals can be limited to a gain of less thanor equal to 23 dB. A separate cellular signal amplifier or separateantenna for UL and DL communications can increase the UL or DL signaloutput power by eliminating the need for filtering on a power amplifieroutput.

In one example, the integrated device antenna can receive an UL signalfrom a wireless device. The UL signal can be directed to a splitter, andthen the UL signal can be directed to first diplexer. The first diplexercan direct the UL signal to an UL high band signal path or a UL low bandsignal path (depending on whether the UL signal is a high band signal ora low band signal). The UL high band signal path and the UL low bandsignal path can each include a single input single output (SISO)bandpass filter. For the UL high band signal path, the SISO bandpassfilter can filter signals in LTE frequency bands 4 and 25. For the ULlow band signal path, the SISO bandpass filter can filter signals in LTEfrequency bands 5, 12 and 13. The first diplexer can appropriatelydirect the UL signal to the high band signal path or the low band signalpath, in which the UL signal can be filtered and amplified using alow-noise amplifier (LNA). The filtered and amplified UL signal can bepassed to a second diplexer, and then to the integrated UL node antenna,which can transmit the UL signal to a base station.

In one example, the integrated DL node antenna can receive a DL signalfrom the base station. The DL signal can be directed to a thirddiplexer, which can direct the DL signal to a DL high band signal pathor a DL low band signal path. The DL high band signal path and the DLlow band signal path can each include a single input single output(SISO) bandpass filter. For the DL high band signal path, the SISObandpass filter can filter signals in LTE frequency bands 4 and 25. Forthe DL low band signal path, the SISO bandpass filter can filter signalsin LTE frequency bands 5, 12 and 13. The DL signal can be filtered andamplified in either the DL high band signal path or the DL low bandsignal path, and then the DL signal can be passed to a fourth diplexer.The fourth diplexer can direct the DL signal to the splitter, and thento the integrated device antenna, which can transmit the DL signal tothe wireless device. In one example, an attenuator can be positionedbetween the integrated device antenna and the splitter to reducereflections.

In one configuration, separate UL and DL integrated device antennas canbe used to avoid splitter or duplexer (front-end) losses. By usingseparate UL and DL integrated device antennas, UL output power and DLsensitivity can be increased.

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary cellular signal amplifier configured toamplify downlink (DL) signals. An integrated DL node antenna can receivea DL signal from a base station. The DL signal can be directed to afirst diplexer, which can direct the DL signal to a DL high band (HB)signal path or a DL low band (LB) signal path. The DL high band signalpath and the DL low band signal path can each include one or more singleinput single output (SISO) bandpass filters and one or more amplifiers.For the DL high band signal path, the SISO bandpass filter(s) can filtersignals in LTE frequency bands 4 and 25. For the DL low band signalpath, the SISO bandpass filter(s) can filter signals in LTE frequencybands 5, 12 and 13. The DL signal can be filtered and amplified ineither the DL high band signal path or the DL low band signal path. Theamplification of the DL signals can be limited to a gain of less than orequal to 9 dB. Then, the DL signal can be passed to a second diplexer.The second diplexer can direct the DL signal to an integrated deviceantenna, which can transmit the DL signal to a wireless device.

In one example, the DL high band signal path can include a HB detector.The HB detector can be a diode. The HB detector can detect a DL signalreceived from the integrated DL node antenna via the first diplexer. TheHB detector can detect a power level of the DL signal, and when thepower level of the DL signal is greater than a selected threshold, thecellular signal amplifier can be turned off. In other words, the DLsignal may not need to be amplified, so the cellular signal amplifiercan be turned off to conserve power. When the HB detector detects thatthe power level of the DL signal is less than a selected threshold, thecellular signal amplifier can be turned on. Therefore, the cellularsignal amplifier can be engaged or disengaged depending on the powerlevel of the DL signal.

Similarly, the DL low band signal path can include a LB detector. The LBdetector can be a diode. The LB detector can detect a DL signal receivedfrom the integrated DL node antenna via the first diplexer. The LBdetector can detect a power level of the DL signal, and when the powerlevel of the DL signal is greater than a selected threshold, thecellular signal amplifier can be turned off. When the LB detectordetects that the power level of the DL signal is less than a selectedthreshold, the cellular signal amplifier can be turned on.

In one configuration, the mobile device can include a primary antennaand a secondary antenna. For example, the mobile device can use thesecondary antenna when the primary antenna is not working. In addition,when the primary antenna is used for a DL-only signal amplification andfiltering path (as shown in FIG. 5), the mobile device can use thesecondary antenna to transmit UL signals. In other words, the primaryantenna can be used for DL signals, and the secondary antenna can beused for UL signals. In this configuration, the UL signal transmittedfrom the mobile device may not be amplified by the cellular signalamplifier.

In one example, the lack of UL amplification can lead to a less than 9dB system gain. In another example, the cellular signal amplifier caninclude a detector that can detect an UL signal, and then determinewhether to turn the DL amplification path on or off.

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary cellular signal amplifier configuredwith a simultaneous bypass path. The cellular signal amplifier canamplify downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) signals. However, the cellularsignal amplifier can amplify either DL or UL signals at a given time andallow UL non-amplified signals to simultaneously bypass amplification.In other words, the cellular signal amplifier can detect a power levelof an UL signal. The power level of the UL signal can be detected usinga detector (e.g., a diode). Based on a signal power level in relation toa defined threshold, the cellular signal amplifier can determine thatthe UL signal does not need amplification and can bypass either a highband or low band uplink signal amplification path. For example, when thesignal power level is above the defined threshold, the UL signal canbypass the high band or low band uplink signal amplification path. Onthe other hand, when the signal power level is below the definedthreshold, the UL signal can be directed to one of the high band or lowband uplink signal amplification path. In one example, DL signals canalways be directed to a high band or low band downlink signalamplification path of the cellular signal amplifier.

In one example, when the UL signal is not amplified, the integrateddevice antenna can be directly coupled to the integrated UL nodeantenna. In other words, the UL signal can be directed sent from theintegrated device antenna to the integrated UL node antenna. The directcoupling between the integrated device antenna and the integrated ULnode antenna can be achieved using a directional coupler.

Alternatively, the integrated device antenna can be coupled with theintegrated UL node antenna using a splitter, a circulator, a triplexer,a quadplexer, a multiplexer, or a duplexer.

In one example, the integrated device antenna can receive an UL signalfrom a wireless device. Signal detectors can detect a power level of theUL signal. When the power level is above the defined threshold, one ormore directional couplers can be configured such that the UL signalpasses directly to the integrated UL node antenna via the simultaneousbypass path. As a result, the UL signal can avoid passing through thehigh band UL signal amplification path or the low band UL signalamplification path. The integrated UL node antenna can transmit theunamplified UL signal to a base station.

On the other hand, when the signal detectors detect that the power levelof the UL signal is less than the defined threshold, the one or moredirectional couplers can be configured such that the UL signal isdirected to a first diplexer. The first diplexer can direct the ULsignal to either the high band UL signal amplification path or the lowband UL signal amplification path, which causes the UL signal to befiltered and amplified. The UL signal can pass through a seconddiplexer, and then to the integrated UL node antenna for transmission tothe base station. In this example, based on the power level of the ULsignal, the UL signal does not travel through the simultaneous bypasspath.

In one example, a DL signal can be received via the integrated DL nodeantenna. The DL signal can be directed to a third diplexer. The DLsignal can be directed to a high band DL signal amplification path or alow band DL signal amplification path, and then to a fourth diplexer.The DL signal can travel from the fourth diplexer to the integrateddevice antenna for transmission to the wireless device.

In one example, the simultaneous bypass path can increase battery lifeof the cellular signal amplifier by allowing UL amplification to beturned off. Further, the simultaneous bypass path can increasereliability, in the event the cellular signal amplifier malfunctions. Inone example, the simultaneous bypass path can be always active. Thesimultaneous bypass path can operate independently of whether or not thecellular signal amplifier has failed. The simultaneous bypass path canoperate independent of relays or switches to bypass the cellular signalamplifier. Additionally, because wireless propagation paths of signalsfrom multiple antennas can constantly vary, fading margins can exceed 15dB. Therefore, by using multiple antennas, the reliability of thecellular signal amplifier can be increased.

FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary cellular signal amplifier configuredwith a simultaneous bypass path. The cellular signal amplifier can onlyamplify downlink (DL) signals. The cellular signal amplifier can directan uplink (UL) signal on a simultaneous bypass path, which enables theUL signal to travel directly from an integrated device antenna to anintegrated UL node antenna. In other words, the UL signal can avoid afiltering and amplification path. In this case, when the UL signal isnot amplified, the integrated device antenna can be directly coupled tothe integrated UL node antenna. The direct coupling between theintegrated device antenna and the integrated UL node antenna can beachieved using a directional coupler. The amplification of the UL signalcan account for signal loss due to the directional coupler. In addition,by not amplifying the UL signal, a lower specific absorption rate (SAR)level can be achieved.

In one example, a DL signal can be received via an integrated DL nodeantenna. The DL signal can be directed to a first diplexer. The DLsignal can be directed to a high band DL signal amplification path or alow band DL signal amplification path, and then to a second diplexer.The DL signal can travel from the second diplexer to the integrateddevice antenna for transmission to a wireless device.

In one configuration, the cellular signal amplifier can receive DLsignals and transmit UL signals with a single integrated node antenna.In other words, the integrated UL node antenna and the integrated DLnode antenna can be combined to form the single integrated node antenna.

In one configuration, the cellular signal amplifier can include theintegrated device antenna and an integrated UL/DL node antenna. Theintegrated device antenna and the integrated UL/DL node antenna can beconnected via a simultaneous bypass path, which bypasses theamplification and signaling paths. As an example, an UL signal from theintegrated device antenna can be passed to the integrated UL/DL nodeantenna via the simultaneous bypass path. As another example, a DLsignal from the integrated UL/DL node antenna can be passed to theintegrated device antenna via the simultaneous bypass path.

In one example, the FCC can limit the cellular signal amplifier to aless than 9 dB system gain because the cellular signal amplifier doesnot perform UL amplification. In another example, the cellular signalamplifier can include a detector that can detect an UL signal, and thendetermine whether to turn the DL amplification path on or off. In yetanother example, the cellular signal amplifier can include an additionallow noise amplifier (LNA) to reduce the noise figure.

FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary cellular signal amplifier with anamplified outside antenna and a simultaneous bypass path to a passiveoutside antenna. A modem (or inside antenna) can be coupled to thecellular signal amplifier for communication of amplified signals throughthe amplified outside antenna. The cellular signal amplifier can improvemodem sensitivity, improve UL output power of the modem and improveoverall performance of the modem. The modem can be coupled to thecellular signal amplifier when a power level of uplink (UL) or downlink(DL) signals is below a defined threshold. In addition, the modem can becoupled to the passive antenna for communication of non-amplifiedsignals. These different signal paths can provide the cellular signalamplifier with signal diversity. In one example, the modem (or insideantenna) can be coupled to the cellular signal amplifier using adirectional coupler.

In one example, the modem can direct an UL signal to the passive outsideantenna via a passive, low-loss path, and the UL signal can betransmitted using the passive outside antenna. The directional couplercan enable the UL signal to travel to the passive, low-loss path. Themodem can directly send the UL signal to the passive outside antennawhen a power level of the UL signal is above a defined threshold (i.e.,the UL signal does not need amplification). Alternatively, the modem candirect the UL signal to a first duplexer. The modem can direct the ULsignal to the first duplexer when the power level of the UL signal isbelow the defined threshold (i.e., the UL signal needs to be amplified).The first duplexer can direct to the UL signal through an amplifier andthen to a second duplexer, which can direct the UL signal to theamplified outside antenna.

In one example, the amplified outside antenna can receive a DL signal.The DL signal can be directed to the second duplexer, which can directthe DL signal to an amplifier and then to the first duplexer. The firstduplexer can direct the DL signal to the modem (or inside antenna).

In one configuration, the cellular signal amplifier can includecirculators, triplexers, quadplexers, duplexers, or splitters instead ofthe multiplexers.

In one example, the directional coupler can cause a 6 dB gain loss inthe signals transmitted across the directional coupler. However, thegain loss can be compensated with an increased gain from the cellularsignal amplifier. In addition, the directional coupler can add some lossto the passive, low-loss path, but the loss can be minimized by anincreased coupling factor.

FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary cellular signal amplifier with asimultaneous bypass path with independent coupling for each of anamplified outside antenna and a passive outside antenna. The independentcoupling can be achieved with a separate directional coupler for eachantenna. In other words, a first directional coupler can be used withthe amplified outside antenna, and a second directional coupler can beused with the passive outside antenna. The separate directional couplerscan yield higher uplink (UL) to downlink (DL) signal isolation ascompared to using splitters.

In one example, a modem (or inside antenna) can direct an UL signal tothe passive outside antenna via a passive, low-loss path, and the ULsignal can be transmitted using the passive outside antenna. The firstdirectional coupler can enable the UL signal to travel to the passive,low-loss path. The modem can directly send the UL signal to the passiveoutside antenna when a power level of the UL signal is above a definedthreshold (i.e., the UL signal does not need amplification).Alternatively, the modem can direct the UL signal to an UL amplificationand filtering path. The modem can direct the UL signal to the ULamplification and filtering path duplexer when the power level of the ULsignal is below the defined threshold (i.e., the UL signal needs to beamplified). The first coupler can enable the UL signal to travel to theUL amplification and filtering path. The UL signal can be directed via acirculator to the amplified outside antenna, which can direct the ULsignal to a base station.

In one example, the amplified outside antenna can receive a DL signal.The DL signal can be directed to the circulator, which can direct the DLsignal to a DL amplification and filtering path. Then, the DL signal canbe directed to the modem via the second directional coupler.

In one example, the amplified and non-amplified signals can be broadcastvia a single antenna. In other words, a single antenna can be used inplace of the amplified outside antenna and the passive outside antenna.In another example, separate antennas can be used for UL and DL on thefront end to avoid duplexer or front end losses, which can increase ULoutput power and DL sensitivity. However, with this example, there canbe potential for collisions/interference due to simultaneous signals onthe same frequency on the UL and/or DL paths. However, thecollisions/interference can be mitigated by signal level adjustments ordelays. These adjustments can be detected and controlled using, forexample, the modem.

FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary cellular signal amplifier withbypassable power amplifiers. An integrated device antenna can receive anuplink (UL) signal, which can be directed to a splitter, and then to afirst diplexer. The first diplexer can direct the UL signal to a highband UL path or a low band UL path. The high band UL path and the lowband UL path can each include a bypassable power amplifier. In oneexample, when the bypassable power amplifiers are switched off (e.g., tosave power), the UL signal from the high band UL path or the low band ULpath can travel to a second diplexer, then to a third diplexer, and thento an integrated UL node antenna. In this example, the UL signal is notamplified to save power. In addition, the high band UL path and the lowband UL path can each include a signal detector, which can detect apower level of the UL signal. When the power level of the UL signal isabove a defined threshold, the UL signal may not be amplified.

In another example, when the bypassable power amplifiers are switchedon, the UL signal from the high band UL path or the low band UL path canbe directed to a respective power amplifier, and then to the thirddiplexer. The UL signal can travel from the third diplexer to theintegrated UL node antenna. In this example, the UL signal can beamplified prior to transmission from the integrated UL node antenna.

In one example, an integrated DL node antenna can direct a DL signal toa fourth diplexer. The fourth diplexer can direct the DL signal to ahigh band DL signal amplification and filtering path, or to a low bandDL signal amplification and filtering path. A fifth diplexer can directthe DL signal to the splitter, which can direct the signal to theintegrated device antenna.

FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary cellular signal amplifier configuredwith switchable band pass filters (BPFs). Front end BPFs can be switchedin when a weak downlink (DL) DL signal is detected or switched out whena strong DL signal is detected. An example of a weak DL signal can be asignal with a signal strength less than −80 dBm while a strong DL signalcan be a signal with a signal strength greater than −80 dBm. Theminimization of noise figure can be critical in weak signal areas, andthe noise figure can be reduced and the coverage extended when thefront-end BPFs are switched off. In addition, the switchable BPFs canfunction to extend a receive sensitivity of the cellular signalamplifier.

In one example, an integrated DL node antenna can receive a DL signal,and the DL signal can be provided to a first diplexer. The firstdiplexer can direct the DL signal to a high band signal amplificationand filtering path, or the DL signal can be directed to a low bandsignal amplification and filtering path. The high band path and the lowband path can each include switchable BPFs, which enable the DL signalto avoid passing through at least some of the BPFs. The DL signal can bedirected to a second diplexer, and then to an integrated device antenna.

FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary cellular signal amplifier withbypassable power amplifiers. The power amplifiers can be switched onwhen an uplink (UL) signal needs to be amplified to reach a base stationor switched off and bypassed when a UL signal does not need to beamplified to reach a base station. In one example, the power amplifierscan be switched on when a power level of the UL signal is below adefined threshold, and the power amplifiers can be switched off when thepower level of the UL signal is above the defined threshold.

In one example, an integrated device antenna can receive an UL signal.The UL signal can be directed to a splitter, and then to a firstdiplexer. The first diplexer can direct the UL signal to a high bandsignal amplification and filtering path or a low band signalamplification and filtering path. Each of the high band and low bandpaths can include a switchable power amplifier. Depending on the powerlevel of the UL signal in relation to the defined threshold, the ULsignal can be provided to the power amplifier or bypass the poweramplifier to save power. The UL signal can be provided to a seconddiplexer, and then to an integrated UL node antenna.

In one example, an integrated DL node antenna can direct a DL signal toa third diplexer. The third diplexer can direct the DL signal to a highband DL signal amplification and filtering path, or to a low band DLsignal amplification and filtering path. A fourth diplexer can directthe DL signal to the splitter, which can direct the signal to theintegrated device antenna.

FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a handheld booster sleeve 1300configured to wirelessly charge a wireless device 1306 located withinthe handheld booster sleeve 1300. The handheld booster sleeve 1300 canhold a handheld booster 1302. The handheld booster sleeve 1300 caninclude a wireless charging loop 1304 and integrated circuitry to enablewireless charging in the handheld booster sleeve 1300. Alternatively,the wireless charging loop 1304 can be integrated with the handheldbooster 1302. By placing the wireless device 1306 with the handheldbooster 1302 within the handheld booster sleeve 1300, and placing thehandheld booster sleeve 1300 in proximity to a wireless charging dock1310, the wireless device 1306 (and battery) can wirelessly charge. Thewireless charging dock 1310 can be connected to a power source 1320,such as a wall outlet. This feature can enable wireless devices that arenot configured for wireless charging to be wireless charged.

In one example, a cellular signal booster can be configured for wirelesscharging. For example, a cellular signal booster can be configured witha wireless charging dock, such that a wireless charging-enabled wirelessdevice can be charged. Examples of the cellular signal boosters that canperform wireless charging include signal boosters found in homes,offices, and in vehicles.

FIG. 14 provides an example illustration of the wireless device, such asa user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a mobile communicationdevice, a tablet, a handset, a wireless transceiver coupled to aprocessor, or other type of wireless device. The wireless device caninclude one or more antennas configured to communicate with a node ortransmission station, such as an access point (AP), a base station (BS),an evolved Node B (eNB), a baseband unit (BBU), a remote radio head(RRH), a remote radio equipment (RRE), a relay station (RS), a radioequipment (RE), a remote radio unit (RRU), a central processing module(CPM), or other type of wireless wide area network (WWAN) access point.The wireless device can communicate using separate antennas for eachwireless communication standard or shared antennas for multiple wirelesscommunication standards. The wireless device can communicate in awireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless personal area network(WPAN), and/or a WWAN.

FIG. 14 also provides an illustration of a microphone and one or morespeakers that can be used for audio input and output from the wirelessdevice. The display screen can be a liquid crystal display (LCD) screen,or other type of display screen such as an organic light emitting diode(OLED) display. The display screen can be configured as a touch screen.The touch screen can use capacitive, resistive, or another type of touchscreen technology. An application processor and a graphics processor canbe coupled to internal memory to provide processing and displaycapabilities. A non-volatile memory port can also be used to providedata input/output options to a user. The non-volatile memory port canalso be used to expand the memory capabilities of the wireless device. Akeyboard can be with the wireless device or wirelessly connected to thewireless device to provide additional user input. A virtual keyboard canalso be provided using the touch screen.

In another example, as illustrated in FIG. 15a , a repeater can comprisea separate uplink node port and a downlink node port. The uplink nodeport can be configured to be coupled to an uplink node port. Similarly,the downlink node port can be configured to be coupled to a downlinknode antenna. The use of two separate node ports can eliminate or reduceloss that typically occurs in a diplexer, duplexer, and/or multiplexerthat is used to couple an uplink path with a downlink path at a singlenode. In addition, a receive diversity antenna port can be coupled to areceive diversity amplification and filtering path to enable therepeater 1500 to be configured to be coupled to a receive diversitydevice antenna 1590 and a receive diversity node antenna 1570. Thereceive diversity amplification and filtering path can allow a downlinksignal to be amplified from the receive diversity node antenna tooptimize reception of a downlink signal transmitted from a base stationto a user device having a diversity antenna to allow the user device touse spatial diversity in receiving the downlink signal.

In another example, the use of a separate UL node antenna, DL nodeantenna, and RX diversity node antenna can optimize the output powerover the band because the antenna load impedance can change lessfrequently due to a lower quality (Q) factor. In one example, impedancematching can be difficult with filters, especially over wide bandwidths,because of the high Q factor that varies over frequency more frequently.As such, the output of a power amplifier can be optimized when coupledto common output impedance (e.g., separate antennas) instead of avarying output impedance (e.g., filters).

In another example, coupling a filter to the output of the poweramplifier can increase the chances of a filter breaking. In one example,surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters or bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filterscan only have a maximum input power of about 28-32 decibel-milliwatts(dBm) before breaking. In one example, ceramic filters can only have amaximum input power of about 36 dBm before breaking. Removing the filterfrom the output of the power amplifier by using separate antennas canreduce the chances of filter breakage and allow the use of higher-powerPAs.

In the example of FIG. 15a , a bi-directional inside antenna port 1502or bi-directional device antenna port 1502 can be configured to becoupled to an integrated device antenna 1510 or a bi-directional insideantenna 1510. The integrated device antenna 1510 can receive an ULsignal from a UE. The bi-directional inside antenna port 1502 can beconfigured to be coupled to a duplexer 1512. The duplexer 1512 can splitinto an UL path and a DL path. While a duplexer is illustrated in FIG.15a , it is not intended to be limiting. A duplexer, as used in FIGS.15a-d, and 15f , can be a duplexer, a diplexer, a multiplexer, acirculator, or a splitter.

In another example, the UL path can comprise one or more of a low-noiseamplifier 1514, an UL band-pass filter (BPF) 1516, a variable attenuator1518, a power amplifier (PA) 1520, or a low-pass filter (LPF) 1522. Thelow-noise amplifier 1514 can be an UL low-noise amplifier, the variableattenuator 1518 can be an UL variable attenuator, the power amplifier1520 can be an UL power amplifier, and the low-pass filter 1522 can bean UL low-pass filter or low-order filtering. In another example, thepower amplifier 1520 can comprise a variable gain power amplifier, afixed-gain power amplifier, or a gain block. In another example, the LPF1522 can be configured to be coupled between the power amplifier 1520and an UL outside antenna port 1504 or UL node antenna port 1504 tofilter harmonics emitted by the power amplifier 1520. While a low passfilter is described in this example, it is not intended to be limiting.A low-order filter can be used to filter the harmonics. The low orderfilter can include one or more high pass filter poles and one or morelow pass filter poles. The low-order filter can be configured to havelow loss since it is located after the power amplifier 1520.

In another example, the power amplifier 1520 can be configured to becoupled directly to the UL outside antenna port 1504 without filteringbetween the power amplifier 1520 and the UL outside antenna port. Inanother example, the UL BPF 1516 can be an FDD UL BPF configured to passone or more of 3GPP FDD frequency bands 2, 4, 5, 12, 13, 17, 25, 26, or71. In another example, the UL BPF 1516 can be an FDD UL BPF configuredto pass one or more of 3GPP LTE FDD frequency bands 1-28, 30, 31, 65,66, 68, 70-74, or 85. In another example, the UL BPF 1516 can be an LTEor 5G FDD UL BPF configured to pass a selected channel within an LTE or5G 3GPP FDD band. In another example, the UL BPF 1516 can be an LTE or5G FDD UL BPF configured to pass a selected frequency range within anLTE or 5G 3GPP FDD band.

In another example, after traveling on the UL path, the UL signal can beamplified and filtered in accordance with the type of amplifiers andBPFs included on the UL path. The UL signal can be directed to an ULnode antenna port 1504. The UL signal can be directed from the UL nodeantenna port 1504 to an integrated UL node antenna 1530 or an UL outsideantenna 1530. The UL node antenna 1530 can be an omnidirectional antennaor a directional antenna. The UL outside antenna 1530 can communicatethe amplified and/or filtered UL signal to a base station.

In another example, an integrated DL node antenna port 1506 or DLoutside antenna port 1506 can be configured to be coupled to anintegrated DL node antenna 1550 or a DL outside antenna 1550. Theintegrated DL node antenna 1550 can be an omnidirectional antenna ordirectional antenna. The integrated DL node antenna 1550 can receive aDL signal from a base station. The DL outside antenna port 1506 can beconfigured to be coupled to a low-noise amplifier 1552.

In another example, the DL path can comprise one or more of thelow-noise amplifier 1552, a DL band-pass filter (BPF) 1554, a variableattenuator 1556, or a power amplifier (PA) 1558. The low-noise amplifier1552 can be a DL low-noise amplifier, the variable attenuator 1556 canbe a DL variable attenuator, and the power amplifier 1558 can be a DLpower amplifier. In another example, the power amplifier 1558 cancomprise a variable gain power amplifier, a fixed-gain power amplifier,or a gain block. In another example, the low-noise amplifier 1552 can beconfigured to be coupled directly to a DL outside antenna port 1506without filtering between the low-noise amplifier 1552 and the DLoutside antenna port. In another example, the DL BPF 1554 can be an FDDDL BPF configured to pass one or more of 3GPP FDD frequency bands 2, 4,5, 12, 13, 17, 25, 26, or 71. In another example, the DL BPF 1554 can bean FDD DL BPF configured to pass one or more of 3GPP FDD frequency bands1-28, 30, 31, 65, 66, 68, 70-74, or 85. In another example, the DL BPF1554 can be an FDD DL BPF configured to pass a selected channel within a3GPP FDD band. In another example, the DL BPF 1554 can be an FDD DL BPFconfigured to pass a selected frequency range within a 3GPP FDD band.

In another example, after traveling on the DL path, the DL signal can beamplified and filtered in accordance with the type of amplifiers andBPFs included on the DL path. The DL signal can be directed from thepower amplifier 1558 to a duplexer 1512. The DL signal can be directedfrom the duplexer 1512 to an integrated device antenna 1510 or abi-directional inside antenna 1510. The integrated device antenna 1510can communicate the amplified and/or filtered DL signal to a UE.

In another example, a receive diversity DL outside antenna port 1569 orreceive diversity DL node antenna port 1569 or receive diversity DLdonor antenna port 1569 can be configured to be coupled to a receivediversity DL outside antenna 1570 or receive diversity DL node antenna1570 or receive diversity DL donor antenna 1570. The receive diversityDL node antenna 1570 can be an omnidirectional antenna or directionalantenna. The receive diversity DL node antenna 1570 can receive a DLsignal from a base station. The receive diversity DL outside antennaport 1569 can be configured to be coupled to a low-noise amplifier 1572.

In another example, the receive diversity DL path can comprise one ormore of the low-noise amplifier 1572, a DL band-pass filter (BPF) 1574,a variable attenuator 1576, or a power amplifier (PA) 1578. Thelow-noise amplifier 1572 can be a DL low-noise amplifier, the variableattenuator 1576 can be a DL variable attenuator, and the power amplifier1578 can be a DL power amplifier. In another example, the poweramplifier 1578 can comprise a variable gain power amplifier, afixed-gain power amplifier, or a gain block. In another example, thelow-noise amplifier 1572 can be configured to be coupled directly to areceive diversity DL outside antenna port 1569 without filtering betweenthe low-noise amplifier 1572 and the receive diversity DL outsideantenna port 1569. In another example, the DL BPF 1574 can be an FDD DLBPF configured to pass one or more of 3GPP FDD frequency bands 2, 4, 5,12, 13, 17, 25, 26, or 71. In another example, the DL BPF 1574 can be anFDD DL BPF configured to pass one or more of 3GPP FDD frequency bands1-28, 30, 31, 65, 66, 68, 70-74, or 85. In another example, the DL BPF1574 can be an FDD DL BPF configured to pass a selected channel within a3GPP FDD band. In another example, the DL BPF 1574 can be an FDD DL BPFconfigured to pass a selected frequency range within a 3GPP FDD band. Inanother example, in an alternative, the receive diversity DL path cancomprise the receive diversity DL outside antenna port 1569 coupled to abypass path coupled between the receive diversity DL inside antenna port1592 and the receive diversity DL outside antenna port 1569. The bypasspath can be configured to not amplify or filter signals traveling on thebypass path.

In another example, after traveling on the receive diversity DL path,the receive diversity signal can be amplified and filtered in accordancewith the type of amplifiers and BPFs included on the receive diversityDL path. In another example, in an alternative, the receive diversitysignal can travel on a bypass path coupled between the receive diversityDL inside antenna port 1592 and the receive diversity DL outside antennaport 1569, wherein the bypass path does not amplify or filter thereceive diversity signal. The receive diversity signal can be directedfrom the power amplifier 1578 to a receive diversity device antenna port1592 or a receive diversity downlink inside antenna port 1592. Thereceive diversity device antenna port 1592 or a receive diversitydownlink inside antenna port 1592 can be configured to be coupled toreceive diversity device antenna 1590 or a receive diversity downlinkinside antenna 1590. The receive diversity device antenna 1590 cancommunicate the amplified and/or filtered or bypassed receive diversitysignal to a UE.

In another example, as illustrated in FIG. 15b , a multiband repeatercan comprise a receive diversity antenna port. In this example, abi-directional inside antenna port 1502 or bi-directional device antennaport 1502 can be configured to be coupled to an integrated deviceantenna 1510 or a bi-directional inside antenna 1510. The integrateddevice antenna 1510 can receive an UL signal from a UE. Thebi-directional inside antenna port 1502 can be configured to be coupledto a duplexer 1512. The duplexer 1512 can split into an UL path and a DLpath. In another example, the UL path can further comprise a first ULpath and a second UL path. A diplexer 1513 can direct an UL signal tothe first UL path or the second UL path. The diplexer 1513 can be aduplexer, a common direction duplexer, a diplexer, a multiplexer, acirculator, or a splitter.

In another example, a first UL path can comprise one or more of alow-noise amplifier 1514, an UL band-pass filter (BPF) 1516, a variableattenuator 1518, a power amplifier (PA) 1520, or a low-pass filter (LPF)1522. The low-noise amplifier 1514 can be an UL low-noise amplifier, thevariable attenuator 1518 can be an UL variable attenuator, the poweramplifier 1520 can be a UL power amplifier, and the low-pass filter 1522can be an UL low-pass filter or low-order filtering. In another example,the power amplifier 1520 can comprise a variable gain power amplifier, afixed-gain power amplifier, or a gain block. In another example, the LPFcan be configured to be coupled between the power amplifier 1520 and anUL outside antenna port 1504 or UL node antenna port 1504 to filterharmonics emitted by the power amplifier 1520. While a low pass filteris described in this example, it is not intended to be limiting. Alow-order filter can be used to filter the harmonics. The low orderfilter can include one or more high pass filter poles and one or morelow pass filter poles. The low-order filter can be configured to havelow loss since it is located after the power amplifier 1520. In anotherexample, the power amplifier 1520 can be configured to be coupleddirectly to the UL outside antenna port 1504 without filtering betweenthe power amplifier 1520 and the UL outside antenna port. In anotherexample, the UL BPF 1516 can be an FDD UL BPF configured to pass one ormore of 3GPP FDD frequency bands 2, 4, 5, 12, 13, 17, 25, 26, or 71. Inanother example, the UL BPF 1516 can be an FDD UL BPF configured to passone or more of 3GPP FDD frequency bands 1-28, 30, 31, 65, 66, 68, 70-74,or 85. In another example, the UL BPF 1516 can be an FDD UL BPFconfigured to pass a selected channel within a 3GPP FDD band. In anotherexample, the UL BPF 1516 can be an FDD UL BPF configured to pass aselected frequency range within a 3GPP FDD band.

In another example, a second UL path can comprise one or more of alow-noise amplifier 1515, an UL band-pass filter (BPF) 1517, a variableattenuator 1519, a power amplifier (PA) 1521, or a low-pass filter (LPF)1523. The low-noise amplifier 1515 can be an UL low-noise amplifier, thevariable attenuator 1519 can be an UL variable attenuator, the poweramplifier 1521 can be a UL power amplifier, and the low-pass filter 1523can be an UL low-pass filter or low-order filtering. In another example,the power amplifier 1521 can comprise a variable gain power amplifier, afixed-gain power amplifier, or a gain block.

In another example, the LPF 1523 can be configured to be coupled betweenthe power amplifier 1521 and an UL outside antenna port 1504 or UL nodeantenna port 1504 to filter harmonics emitted by the power amplifier1521. While a low pass filter is described in this example, it is notintended to be limiting. A low-order filter can be used to filter theharmonics. The low order filter can include one or more high pass filterpoles and one or more low pass filter poles. The low-order filter can beconfigured to have low loss since it is located after the poweramplifier 1521. In another example, the power amplifier 1521 can beconfigured to be coupled to the UL outside antenna port 1504 withoutfiltering between the power amplifier 1521 and the UL outside antennaport 1504. In another example, the UL BPF 1517 can be an FDD UL BPFconfigured to pass one or more of 3GPP FDD frequency bands 2, 4, 5, 12,13, 17, 25, 26, or 71, wherein the one or more 3GPP frequency bandspassed on the second UL path can be different from the 3GPP frequencybands passed on the first UL path. In another example, the UL BPF 1517can be an FDD UL BPF configured to pass one or more of 3GPP FDDfrequency bands 1-28, 30, 31, 65, 66, 68, 70-74, or 85, wherein the oneor more 3GPP frequency bands passed on the second UL path can bedifferent from the 3GPP frequency bands passed on the first UL path.

In another example, the UL BPF 1517 can be an FDD UL BPF configured topass a selected channel within a 3GPP FDD band, wherein the selectedchannel passed on the second UL path can be different from the selectedchannel passed on the first UL path. In another example, the UL BPF 1517can be an FDD UL BPF configured to pass a selected frequency rangewithin a 3GPP FDD band, wherein the selected frequency range passed onthe second UL path can be different from the selected frequency rangepassed on the first UL path.

In another example, after traveling on the first or second UL paths, theUL signal on the first UL path and the UL signal on the second UL pathcan be amplified and filtered in accordance with the type of amplifiersand BPFs included on the first UL path or the second UL path. The signalfrom the first UL path and the signal from the second UL path can bedirected to a diplexer 1525. The diplexer 1525 can be a duplexer, acommon direction duplexer, a diplexer, a multiplexer, a circulator, or asplitter. From the diplexer 1525, the combined UL signal can be directedto an UL node antenna port 1504. The UL signal can be directed from theUL node antenna port 1504 to an integrated UL node antenna 1530 or an ULoutside antenna 1530. The UL node antenna 1530 can be an omnidirectionalantenna or a directional antenna. The UL outside antenna 1530 cancommunicate the amplified and/or filtered UL signal to a base station.

In another example, an integrated DL node antenna port 1506 or DLoutside antenna port 1506 can be configured to be coupled to anintegrated DL node antenna 1550 or a DL outside antenna 1550. Theintegrated DL node antenna 1550 can be an omnidirectional antenna ordirectional antenna. The integrated DL node antenna 1550 can receive aDL signal from a base station. The DL outside antenna port 1506 can beconfigured to be coupled to a diplexer 1568 that can be configured todirect a DL signal on a first DL path or a second DL path. The diplexer1568 can be a duplexer, a common direction duplexer, a diplexer, amultiplexer, a circulator, or a splitter.

In another example, the first DL path can comprise one or more of alow-noise amplifier 1552, a DL band-pass filter (BPF) 1554, a variableattenuator 1556, or a power amplifier (PA) 1558. The low-noise amplifier1551 can be a DL low-noise amplifier, the variable attenuator 1556 canbe a DL variable attenuator, and the power amplifier 1558 can be a DLpower amplifier. In another example, the power amplifier 1558 cancomprise a variable gain power amplifier, a fixed-gain power amplifier,or a gain block. In another example, the low-noise amplifier 1552 can beconfigured to be coupled to a DL outside antenna port 1506 withoutfiltering between the low-noise amplifier 1552 and the DL outsideantenna port. In another example, the DL BPF 1554 can be an FDD DL BPFconfigured to pass one or more of 3GPP FDD frequency bands 2, 4, 5, 12,13, 17, 25, 26, or 71. In another example, the DL BPF 1554 can be an FDDDL BPF configured to pass one or more of 3GPP FDD frequency bands 1-28,30, 31, 65, 66, 68, 70-74, or 85. In another example, the DL BPF 1554can be an FDD DL BPF configured to pass a selected channel within a 3GPPFDD band. In another example, the DL BPF 1554 can be an FDD DL BPFconfigured to pass a selected frequency range within a 3GPP FDD band.

In another example, the second DL path can comprise one or more of alow-noise amplifier 1566, a DL band-pass filter (BPF) 1564, a variableattenuator 1562, or a power amplifier (PA) 1560. The low-noise amplifier1566 can be a DL low-noise amplifier, the variable attenuator 1562 canbe a DL variable attenuator, and the power amplifier 1560 can be a DLpower amplifier. In another example, the power amplifier 1560 cancomprise a variable gain power amplifier, a fixed-gain power amplifier,or a gain block. In another example, the low-noise amplifier 1566 can beconfigured to be coupled to a DL outside antenna port 1506 withoutfiltering between the low-noise amplifier 1566 and the DL outsideantenna port 1506. In another example, the DL BPF 1564 can be an FDD DLBPF configured to pass one or more of 3GPP FDD frequency bands 2, 4, 5,12, 13, 17, 25, 26, or 71, wherein the one or more 3GPP frequency bandspassed on the second DL path can be different from the 3GPP frequencybands passed on the first DL path. In another example, the DL BPF 1564can be an FDD DL BPF configured to pass one or more of 3GPP FDDfrequency bands 1-28, 30, 31, 65, 66, 68, 70-74, or 85, wherein the oneor more 3GPP frequency bands passed on the second DL path can bedifferent from the 3GPP frequency bands passed on the first DL path. Inanother example, the DL BPF 1564 can be an FDD DL BPF configured to passa selected channel within a 3GPP FDD band, wherein the selected channelpassed on the second DL path can be different from the selected channelpassed on the first DL path. In another example, the DL BPF 1564 can bean FDD DL BPF configured to pass a selected frequency range within a3GPP FDD band, wherein the selected frequency range passed on the secondDL path can be different from the selected frequency range passed on thefirst DL path.

In another example, after traveling on the first DL path or the secondDL path, the DL signal on the first DL path and the DL signal on thesecond DL path can be amplified and filtered in accordance with the typeof amplifiers and BPFs included on the first DL path and the second DLpath. The signal from the first DL path and the signal from the secondDL path can be directed to a diplexer 1559. The diplexer 1559 can be aduplexer, a common direction duplexer, a diplexer, a multiplexer, acirculator, or a splitter. From the diplexer 1559, the combined DLsignal can be directed to a duplexer 1512. The DL signal can be directedfrom the duplexer 1512 to an integrated device antenna 1510 or abi-directional inside antenna 1510. The integrated device antenna 1510can communicate the amplified and/or filtered DL signal to a UE.

In another example, a receive diversity DL outside antenna port 1569 orreceive diversity DL node antenna port 1569 or receive diversity DLdonor antenna port 1569 can be configured to be coupled to a receivediversity DL outside antenna 1570 or receive diversity DL node antenna1570 or receive diversity DL donor antenna 1570. The receive diversityDL node antenna 1570 can be an omnidirectional antenna or directionalantenna. The receive diversity DL node antenna 1570 can receive a DLsignal from a base station. The receive diversity DL outside antennaport 1569 can be configured to be coupled to a diplexer 1571 that can beconfigured to direct a DL signal on a first receive diversity DL path ora second received diversity DL path. The diplexer 1571 can be aduplexer, a common direction duplexer, a diplexer, a multiplexer, acirculator, or a splitter.

In another example, the first receive diversity DL path can comprise oneor more of a low-noise amplifier 1572, a DL band-pass filter (BPF) 1574,a variable attenuator 1576, or a power amplifier (PA) 1578. Thelow-noise amplifier 1572 can be a DL low-noise amplifier, the variableattenuator 1576 can be a DL variable attenuator, and the power amplifier1578 can be a DL power amplifier. In another example, the poweramplifier 1578 can comprise a variable gain power amplifier, afixed-gain power amplifier, or a gain block. In another example, thelow-noise amplifier 1572 can be configured to be coupled directly to areceive diversity DL outside antenna port 1569 without filtering betweenthe low-noise amplifier 1572 and the receive diversity DL outsideantenna port 1569. In another example, the DL BPF 1574 can be an FDD DLBPF configured to pass one or more of 3GPP FDD frequency bands 2, 4, 5,12, 13, 17, 25, 26, or 71. In another example, the DL BPF 1574 can be anFDD DL BPF configured to pass one or more of 3GPP FDD frequency bands1-28, 30, 31, 65, 66, 68, 70-74, or 85. In another example, the DL BPF1574 can be an FDD DL BPF configured to pass a selected channel within a3GPP FDD band. In another example, the DL BPF 1574 can be an FDD DL BPFconfigured to pass a selected frequency range within a 3GPP FDD band. Inanother example, in an alternative, the receive diversity DL path cancomprise the receive diversity DL outside antenna port 1569 coupled to abypass path coupled between the receive diversity DL inside antenna port1592 and the receive diversity DL outside antenna port 1569. The bypasspath can be configured to not amplify or filter signals traveling on thebypass path.

In another example, the second receive diversity DL path can compriseone or more of a low-noise amplifier 1573, a DL band-pass filter (BPF)1575, a variable attenuator 1577, or a power amplifier (PA) 1579. Thelow-noise amplifier 1573 can be a DL low-noise amplifier, the variableattenuator 1577 can be a DL variable attenuator, and the power amplifier1579 can be a DL power amplifier. In another example, the poweramplifier 1579 can comprise a variable gain power amplifier, afixed-gain power amplifier, or a gain block. In another example, thelow-noise amplifier 1573 can be configured to be coupled directly to areceive diversity DL outside antenna port 1569 without filtering betweenthe low-noise amplifier 1573 and the receive diversity DL outsideantenna port 1569. In another example, the DL BPF 1575 can be an FDD DLBPF configured to pass one or more of 3GPP FDD frequency bands 2, 4, 5,12, 13, 17, 25, 26, or 71, wherein the one or more 3GPP frequency bandspassed on the second receive diversity DL path can be different from the3GPP frequency bands passed on the first receive diversity DL path. Inanother example, the DL BPF 1575 can be an FDD DL BPF configured to passone or more of 3GPP FDD frequency bands 1-28, 30, 31, 65, 66, 68, 70-74,or 85, wherein the one or more 3GPP frequency bands passed on the secondreceive diversity DL path can be different from the 3GPP frequency bandspassed on the first receive diversity DL path. In another example, theDL BPF 1575 can be an FDD DL BPF configured to pass a selected channelwithin a 3GPP FDD band, wherein the selected channel passed on thesecond receive diversity DL path can be different from the selectedchannel passed on the first receive diversity DL path. In anotherexample, the DL BPF 1575 can be an FDD DL BPF configured to pass aselected frequency range within a 3GPP FDD band, wherein the selectedfrequency range passed on the second receive diversity DL path can bedifferent from the selected frequency range passed on the first receivediversity DL path. In another example, in an alternative, the receivediversity DL path can comprise the receive diversity DL outside antennaport 1569 coupled to a bypass path coupled between the receive diversityDL inside antenna port 1592 and the receive diversity DL outside antennaport 1569. The bypass path can be configured to not amplify or filtersignals traveling on the bypass path.

In another example, after traveling on the first receive diversity DLpath or the second receive diversity DL path, the receive diversitysignal on the first receive diversity DL path and the DL signal on thesecond receive diversity DL path can be amplified and filtered inaccordance with the type of amplifiers and BPFs included on the firstreceive diversity DL path and the second receive diversity DL path. Thesignal from the first receive diversity DL path and the signal from thesecond receive diversity DL path can be directed to a diplexer 1580. Thediplexer 1580 can be a duplexer, a common direction duplexer, adiplexer, a multiplexer, a circulator, or a splitter. From the diplexer1580, the combined receive diversity DL signal can be directed to areceive diversity device antenna port 1592 or a receive diversitydownlink inside antenna port 1592. In another example, in analternative, the receive diversity signal can travel on a bypass pathcoupled between the receive diversity DL inside antenna port 1592 andthe receive diversity DL outside antenna port 1569, wherein the bypasspath does not amplify or filter the receive diversity signal. Thereceive diversity device antenna port 1592 or a receive diversitydownlink inside antenna port 1592 can be configured to be coupled to areceive diversity device antenna 1590 or a receive diversity downlinkinside antenna 1590. The receive diversity device antenna 1590 cancommunicate the amplified and/or filtered or bypassed receive diversityDL signal to a UE.

In another example, as illustrated in FIG. 15c , a repeater can comprisea double-pole double-throw (DPDT) switch 1598. The output 1523 of the ULpath can be configured to be coupled to the DPDT switch 1598. The DPDTswitch 1598 can be configured to be coupled to an UL node antenna port1504. The DL node antenna port 1506 can be configured to be coupled tothe DPDT switch 1598. The DPDT switch 1598 can be configured to becoupled to an input 1551 of the DL path.

In another example, the DPDT switch 1598 can be configured to: allow theUL node antenna port 1504 to be coupled to the input 1551 of the DLpath, and allow the DL node antenna port 1506 to be coupled to theoutput 1523 of the UL path. The UL node antenna port 1504 and the DLnode antenna port can be switched based on whether the repeater isUL-limited or DL-limited. A repeater can be UL-limited when there is aninsufficient power from the repeater to the base station. A repeater canbe DL-limited when there is insufficient power from the base station tothe repeater.

In one example, switching from the UL node antenna port 1504 to the DLnode antenna port 1506 can allow the uplink amplification and filteringpath to use the DL node antenna port 1506 when the repeater isUL-limited. In one example, switching from the DL node antenna port 1506to the UL node antenna port 1504 can allow the downlink amplificationand filtering path to use the UL node antenna port 1504 when therepeater is DL-limited. In one example, this kind of switching canincrease the level of power from the repeater to the base station (whenthe repeater is UL-limited) and increase the level of power from thebase station to the repeater (when the repeater is DL-limited) by usingspatial diversity or polarization diversity.

In another example, as illustrated in FIG. 15d , a repeater can comprisea triple-pole triple-throw (TPTT) switch 1599. The output 1523 of the ULpath can be configured to be coupled to the TPTT switch 1599. The TPTTswitch 1599 can be configured to be coupled to an UL node antenna port1504. The DL node antenna port 1506 can be configured to be coupled tothe TPTT switch 1599. The TPTT switch 1599 can be configured to becoupled to an input 1551 of the DL path. The receive diversity nodeantenna port 1569 can be configured to be coupled to the TPTT switch1599. The TPTT switch 1599 can be configured to be coupled to an input1571 of the receive diversity DL path.

In another example, the TPTT switch 1599 can be configured to: allow theUL node antenna port 1504 to be coupled to the input 1551 of the DLpath; allow the UL node antenna port 1504 to be coupled to the input1571 of the receive diversity DL path. In another example, the TPTTswitch 1599 can be configured to: allow the DL node antenna port 1506 tobe coupled to the output 1523 of the UL path; allow the DL node antennaport 1506 to be coupled to the input 1571 of the receive diversity DLpath. In another example, the TPTT switch 1599 can be configured to:allow the receive diversity node antenna port 1569 to be coupled to theinput 1551 of the DL path; allow the receive diversity node antenna port1569 to be coupled to the output 1523 of the UL path.

In one example, the UL node antenna port 1504, the DL node antenna port,and the receive diversity node antenna port 1569 can be switched basedon whether the repeater is UL-limited or DL-limited. A repeater can beUL-limited when there is a low level of power from the repeater to thebase station. A repeater can be DL-limited when there is a low level ofpower from the base station to the repeater. As previously discussed,antenna port switching can increase the level of power from the repeaterto the base station (when the repeater is UL-limited) and increase thelevel of power from the base station to the repeater (when the repeateris DL-limited) by using spatial diversity or polarization diversity.

In another example, as illustrated in FIG. 15e , FIG. 15g , and FIG. 15h, a repeater can comprise an integrated UL device antenna port 1502 a oran integrated UL inside antenna port 1502 a. The integrated UL deviceantenna port 1502 a can be configured to be coupled to an integrated ULdevice antenna 1510 a or an integrated UL inside antenna 1510 a. Theintegrated UL device antenna port 1502 a can be configured to be coupledto an input of a low-noise amplifier 1514.

In another example, a repeater can comprise an integrated DL deviceantenna port 1502 b or an integrated DL inside antenna port 1502 b. Theintegrated DL device antenna port 1502 b can be configured to be coupledto an integrated DL device antenna 1510 b or an integrated DL insideantenna 1510 b. The integrated DL device antenna port 1502 b can beconfigured to be coupled to an output of a power amplifier 1558.

In another example, as illustrated in FIG. 15f , a multiband repeatercan comprise an integrated UL device antenna port 1502 a or anintegrated UL inside antenna port 1502 a. The integrated UL deviceantenna port 1502 a can be configured to be coupled to an integrated ULdevice antenna 1510 a or an integrated UL inside antenna 1510 a. Theintegrated UL device antenna port 1502 a can be configured to be coupledto an input of a diplexer 1513.

In another example, a repeater can comprise an integrated DL deviceantenna port 1502 b or an integrated DL inside antenna port 1502 b. Theintegrated DL device antenna port 1502 b can be configured to be coupledto an integrated DL device antenna 1510 b or an integrated DL insideantenna 1510 b. The integrated DL device antenna port 1502 b can beconfigured to be coupled to an output of a diplexer 1559.

In one configuration, two or more BPFs can be stacked together orconnected to form a multi-filter package (e.g., a SISO filter package).The multi-filter package can also be referred to as a dual-common portmulti-bandpass filter. The dual-common port multi-bandpass filter canalso include a dual-common port multi-low pass filter (LPF) or adual-common port multi-high pass filter (HPF). Each of the BPFs withinthe multi-filter package can be configured to pass a selected frequency,such as an uplink band of a selected frequency band, or a downlink bandof the selected frequency band. The multi-filter package can have afirst common port and a second common port (e.g., on a left and rightside of the multi-filter package, respectively). In an example in whichthe multi-filter package includes two BPFs that are stacked together ina single package, a first common port can have a first signal trace thatconnects the first common port to an input of a first BPF and an inputof a second BPF. Similarly, a second signal trace can connect a secondcommon port to an output of the first BPF and an output of the secondBPF. In this example, the two BPFs can be positioned close to each other(e.g., less than 1 millimeter (mm) from each other for SAW/BAW filtersor less than 10 mm for ceramic filters), and the two BPFs can bedesigned such that one of the BPFs can have a lower return loss in aselected frequency band (i.e. passband), while the other BPF can have ahigher return loss (or poor return loss) on that same frequency band(i.e., stopband).

Thus, when an input signal enters the multi-filter package, the inputsignal can effectively “see” both of the BPFs. The signal caneffectively travel towards a first BPF and a second BPF in themulti-filter package. However, the signal will take the path with thelower return loss or lower resistance between the available paths. Inother words, when a passband signal enters the multi-filter package, thesignal will effectively “see a wall” on one side of the multi-filterpackage (which corresponds to the path with higher return loss or higherresistance) and an open path on the other side of the multi-filterpackage (which corresponds to a path with a lower return loss or lowerresistance).

While the term “input” and “output” are used with respect to a BPF, theterms are not intended to be limiting. A BPF may be configured to have asignal enter the input of the BPF and exit the output. Alternatively, asignal may enter the output of the BPF and exit the input. Thus, theterms “input” and “output” may be used interchangeably.

In one example, the BPFs in the multi-filter package can include SAWfilters, BAW filters, ceramic filters, high pass filters (HPF), low passfilters (LPF), and/or discrete filters (e.g., composed of capacitors andinductors).

In one example, an input signal can have a signal associated with aselected frequency band. For example, a band 2 uplink (UL) signal caninclude a signal within the 3GPP LTE band 2 UL frequency range. Amulti-filter package can include a band 2 UL bandpass filter, configuredto pass signals within a frequency range of the band 2 UL range, andreject signals outside of this band. The multi-filter package can alsoinclude a band 4 UL bandpass filter, configured to pass signals within afrequency range of the 3GPP LTE band 4 UL frequency range, and rejectsignals outside of this band.

As an example, the multi-filter package can include a B1 UL BPF and a B2UL BPF. If the signal that enters the multi-filter package is a B1 ULsignal, the signal can pass through the B1 UL BPF in the multi-filterpackage due to the lower return loss that is designed in the B1 UL BPFfor the frequency range of the B1 UL signal. Similarly, if the signalthat enters the multi-filter package is a B2 UL signal, the signal canpass through the B2 UL BPF in the multi-filter package due to the lowerreturn loss that is designed in the B2 UL BPF for the frequency range ofthe B2 UL signal. In addition, if the B1 UL signal or the B2 UL signalwere to go to the B2 UL BPF or the B1 UL BPF, respectively, the ULsignal would get reflected back and would then pass through theappropriate UL BPF.

In one example, the multi-filter package can include electrically shortwires or signal traces that connect the first common port and the secondcommon port to the first and second BPFs. In other words, the path fromthe first common port to the input of the first and second BPFs, and thepath from the second common port to the output of the first and secondBPFs can be electrically short. In one example, if the wires or signaltraces were to become electrically long, the wires or signal traces cancreate phase and reflection problems. Thus, by keeping the wires orsignal traces electrically short, these problems can be avoided and thesignal can only travel on an incorrect path for a reduced period oftime.

In one example, the electrically short wires or signal traces in themulti-filter package can be shorter than 1/10 or 1/20 or 1/100 of awavelength of the signal the electrically short wires are carrying. Inone example, a 1 GHz wavelength is 300 mm, and the electrically shortwires or signal traces can be shorter than 3 mm. Since the wires orsignal traces are considerably shorter than the wavelength, an incomingsignal can effectively see multiple paths at the same time, and theincoming signal can travel on a path with lower return loss or lowerresistance.

In one example, the multi-filter package can include multiple separatebandpass filters, with each bandpass filter configured for a separatefrequency band. Each separate frequency band can have a guard bandbetween the frequency band (i.e. the frequency bands are non-adjacent).Each of the bandpass filters can be designed to have an input that isimpedance matched to a first common port, and an output that isimpedance matched to a second common port.

In another example, it can be difficult for multiple different band-passfilters, each with different passbands, to each be impedance matched toa common port. To overcome that limitation, the multi-filter package caninclude one or more matching networks. For example, a matching networkcan be coupled to inputs of two or more BPFs in the multi-filterpackage. A separate matching network can be coupled to the outputs oftwo or more BPFs in the multi-filter package. The matching network(s)can each be a separate module that is external to the BPFs, but withinthe multi-filter package. The matching network(s) can include seriesinductors and/or shunt capacitors, which can function to impedance matchthe inputs of the BPFs in the multi-filter package to the first commonport and/or impedance match the outputs of the BPFs in the multi-filterpackage to the second common port. The impedance matching can be betweena common port and each individual BPF port. In other words, each BPF canbe matched to a common port, and not to other BPFs. The impedancematching provided by the matching network(s) can enable a signal totravel through a BPF on a lower return loss path in the multi-filterpackage and bypass a BPF on a higher return loss path of themulti-filter package. Depending on the combination of BPFs in themulti-filter package, the matching implementation can be designedaccordingly.

As used herein, the term “connected” typically refers to two devicesthat are directly electrically connected. The term “communicativelycoupled” or “coupled” refers to two devices that are electricallyconnected, with additional electrical components located between the twodevices. However, the terms are meant to be descriptive and are notintended to be limiting. The terms “coupled”, “communicatively coupled”,and “connected” may be used interchangeably.

In one configuration, two or more sets of BPFs can be packaged togetheror connected to form a multi-common port multi-filter package (e.g., aDISO filter package). For example, a first set of BPFs consisting of twoor more BPFs can be connected to a second set of BPFs consisting of oneor more BPFs. The first set of BPFs can include DL BPFs and the secondset of BPFs can include UL BPFs, or vice versa. The multi-filter packagecan include a first common port that connects to the first and secondset of BPFs, a second common port that connects to the first set of BPFsand a third common port that connects to the second set of BPFs. Thewires or signal traces that connect the first, second, and third commonports to each BPF in the first and second sets of BPFs, respectively,can be electrically short. In addition, the multi-filter package caninclude a matching network that is coupled to the first set of BPFs inthe multi-filter package and/or a matching network that is coupled tothe second set of BPFs in the multi-filter package.

As an example, the multi-filter package can include a first set of BPFsthat includes a B2 UL BPF and a B4 UL BPF, as well as a second set ofBPFs that includes a B12 DL BPF and a B13 DL BPF. Due to the matchingnetwork(s) and the electrically short wires or signal traces, a signalthat enters the multi-filter package can pass through an appropriate BPFand bypass the other BPFs in the multi-filter package. For example, anUL signal will pass through one of the UL BPFs with a passband withinthe signal's band, and bypass the DL BPFs. Similarly, a DL signal willpass through one of the DL BPFs associated with the signal's band, andbypass the UL BPFs. Furthermore, due to the use of matching network(s)and the electrically short wires or signal traces, an UL signal can passthrough an appropriate UL BPF and bypass other UL BPFs in themulti-filter package, and similarly, a DL signal can pass through anappropriate DL BPF and bypass other DL BPFs in other frequency bands inthe multi-filter package.

In another example, as illustrated in FIG. 16a , a multiband repeatercan comprise a receive diversity antenna port. In this example, abi-directional inside antenna port 1602 or bi-directional device antennaport 1602 can be configured to be coupled to an integrated deviceantenna 1610 or a bi-directional inside antenna 1610. In anotherexample, in an alternative, the bi-directional inside antenna port 1602can be replaced by an UL inside antenna port and a DL inside antennaport, wherein the UL inside antenna port is separate from the DL insideantenna port, and the UL inside antenna port can be further configuredto be coupled to an UL inside antenna and the DL inside antenna port canbe further configured to be coupled to a DL inside antenna.

The integrated device antenna 1610 can receive an UL signal from a UE.The bi-directional inside antenna port 1602 can be configured to becoupled to a multi-common port multi-filter package 1612. In anotherexample, in an alternative, the bi-directional inside antenna port 1602can be configured to be coupled to a splitter. The multi-common portmulti-filter package 1612 can direct a signal into an UL path or from aDL path. In one example, the multi-common port multi-filter package 1612can be used to separate the UL and DL paths. The separation of the ULand DL paths using the multi-common port multi-filter package 1612 canbe used to separate the UL and DL paths with lower loss and higher UL toDL isolation than using a splitter. In addition, in this example, themulti-common port multi-filter package 1612 can be modified to havefewer outputs for a multiband repeater. For example, in a repeaterhaving two uplink bands and two downlink bands, the multi-common portmulti-filter package 1612 can have two outputs, rather than four outputsthat would be typical when using a multiplexer. The signals in the ULand DL can be combined into common UL ports and DL ports, respectively.The combining can be achieved through impedance matching at the filteroutputs in the multi-common port multi-filter package.

FIGS. 16b to 16e illustrate examples of multi-common port multi-filterpackages. One or more multi-filter package(s) 1612 a can be included ina repeater (i.e. signal booster or bidirectional amplifier). Themulti-filter package 1612 a can be communicatively coupled to a firstinterface port of the repeater. As shown in FIG. 16b , the multi-filterpackage 1612 a can include a first common port 1612 f, a second commonport 1612 g, and a third common port 1612 h. The first common port 1612f can be communicatively coupled to the first interface port of therepeater. The first common port 1612 f can also be communicativelycoupled to a first set of filters 1612 o in the multi-filter package1612 a, such as a first UL BPF (UL BPF1) 1612 b and a second UL BPF (ULBPF2) 1612 c, as well as to a second set of filters 1612 p in themulti-filter package 1612 a, such as a first DL BPF (DL BPF1) 1612 d anda second DL BPF (DL BPF2) 1612 e. Furthermore, the second common port1612 g can be communicatively coupled to a second interface port of therepeater and the first set of filters 1612 o in the multi-filter package1612 a. The third common port 1612 h can be communicatively coupled tothe second interface port of the repeater and the second set of filters1612 p in the multi-filter package 1612 a.

In one example, as shown in FIG. 16b , the multi-filter package 1612 acan include a first signal trace 1612 l, a second signal trace 1612 mand a third signal trace 1612 n. The first signal trace 1612 l can becoupled between the first common port 1612 f, and each filter in thefirst set of filters 1612 o and each filter in the second set of filters1612 p in the multi-filter package 1612 a. The second signal trace 1612m can be coupled between the second common port 1612 g, and each filterin the first set of filters 1612 o in the multi-filter package 1612 a.The third signal trace 1612 n can be coupled between the third commonport 1612 h, and each filter in the second set of filters 1612 p in themulti-filter package 1612 a.

In one example, a length of the first signal trace 1612 l from the firstcommon port 1612 f to each filter in the first set of filters 1612 o andthe second set of filters 1612 p in the multi-filter package 1612 a canhave a substantially equal length (e.g., less than 10 mm+/−0.5 mm orless than 5 mm+/−0.25 mm). In another example, a length of the secondsignal trace 1612 m from the second common port 1612 g to each filter inthe first set of filters 1612 o in the multi-filter package 1612 a canhave a substantially equal length (e.g., less than 5 mm+/−0.25 mm). Inyet another example, a length of the third signal trace 1612 n from thethird common port 1612 h to each filter in the second set of filters1612 p in the multi-filter package 1612 a can have a substantially equallength (e.g., less than 5 mm+/−0.25 mm). In a further example, a lengthof each of the first signal trace 1612 l, the second signal trace 1612 mand the third signal trace 1612 n can be less than 10 mm+/−0.5 mm orless than 5 mm+/−0.25 mm.

In one example, as shown in FIG. 16c , the first common port 1612 f canbe coupled to a matching network 1612 i. The matching network 1612 i canbe coupled to the first set of filters 1612 o in the multi-filterpackage 1612 a, such as the first UL BPF (UL BPF1) 1612 b and the secondUL BPF (UL BPF2) 1612 c, as well as the second set of filters 1612 p inthe multi-filter package 1612 a, such as the first DL BPF (DL BPF1) 1612d and the second DL BPF (DL BPF2) 1612 e. Each BPF in the multi-filterpackage 1612 a can be configured to filter one or more bands in one ormore signals. Each of the bands can be non-spectrally adjacent, aspreviously discussed. The matching network 1612 i can be configured toprovide impedance matching for the inputs/outputs of the first set offilters 1612 o and the second set of filters 1612 p in the multi-filterpackage 1612 a with the first common port 1612 f. Furthermore, in thisexample, the second common port 1612 g and the third common port 1612 hmay not be coupled to matching networks. Accordingly, the input/outputsof the first set of BPFs 1612 o can be impedance matched to the commonport 1612 i. The input/outputs of the second set of BPFs 1612 p can beimpedance matched to the third common port 1612 h.

In one example, as shown in FIG. 16d , the second common port 1612 g canbe coupled to a matching network 1612 i. In this example, the matchingnetwork 1612 i can be coupled to and impedance matched with theinputs/outputs of the first set of filters 1612 o in the multi-filterpackage 1612 a, such as the first UL BPF (UL BPF1) 1612 b and the secondUL BPF (UL BPF2) 1612 c. Alternatively, or in addition, the third commonport 1612 h can be coupled to the matching network 1612 i. The matchingnetwork 1612 i can be coupled to and impedance matched with theinputs/outputs of the second set of filters 1612 p in the multi-filterpackage 1612 a, such as the first DL BPF (DL BPF1) 1612 d and the secondDL BPF (DL BPF2) 1612 e. In this example, the first common port 1612 fand the third common port 1612 h may not be coupled to matchingnetworks. Accordingly, the first common port 1612 f may be impedancematched directly to the inputs/outputs of the UL BPF1 1612 b, UL BPF21612 c, DL BPF1 1612 d, and DL BPF2 1612 e. In addition, the thirdcommon port 1612 h may be impedance matched directly to theinputs/outputs of the DL BPF1 1612 d and DL BPF2 1612 e.

In one example, as shown in FIG. 16e , the first common port 1612 f canbe coupled to a first matching network 1612 i, the second common port1612 g can be coupled to a second matching network 1612 j, and the thirdcommon port 1612 h can be coupled to a third matching network 1612 k.The first matching network 1612 i can be coupled to and impedancematched with the inputs/outputs of the first set of filters 1612 o inthe multi-filter package 1612 a, such as the first UL BPF (UL BPF1) 1612b and the second UL BPF (UL BPF2) 1612 c, as well as the second set offilters 1612 p in the multi-filter package 1612 a, such as the first DLBPF (DL BPF1) 1612 d and the second DL BPF (DL BPF2) 1612 e. The secondmatching network 1612 j can be coupled to and impedance matched with theinputs/outputs of the first set of filters 1612 o in the multi-filterpackage 1612 a. The third matching network 1612 k can be coupled to andimpedance matched with the inputs/outputs of the second set of filters1612 p in the multi-filter package 1612 a.

In one example, each filter in the multi-filter package 1612 a can havean input that is impedance matched to one or more of a first, second, orthird common port of the multi-filter package 1612 a and/or each filterin the multi-filter package 1612 a can have an output that is impedancematched to another of the first, second, or third common port in themulti-filter package 1612 a.

In one configuration, as shown in FIGS. 16b to 16e , multi-filterpackage(s) 1612 a can include a first impedance-matched filter set(e.g., the first set of filters 1612 o), and a second impedance-matchedfilter set (e.g., the second set of filters 1612 p). The first commonport 1612 f can be coupled to the first and the second impedance-matchedfilter sets, the second common port 1612 g can be coupled to the firstimpedance-matched filter set, and the third common port 1612 h can becoupled to the second impedance-matched filter set. In one example, themulti-filter package 1612 a can include two or more impedance-matcheduplink bandpass filters, with each uplink bandpass filter configured topass one or more uplink bands, respectively, and two or moreimpedance-matched downlink bandpass filters, with each bandpass filterconfigured to pass one or more downlink bands, respectively.Accordingly, the multi-filter package 1612 a can be configured toseparately filter each of the bands of a signal with two or moredownlink bands and two or more uplink bands.

In another example, an UL path can comprise one or more of a low-noiseamplifier 1614, an UL dual-common port multi-bandpass filter 1616, avariable attenuator 1618, a power amplifier (PA) 1620, or a low-passfilter (LPF) 1622. The low-noise amplifier 1614 can be an UL low-noiseamplifier, the variable attenuator 1618 can be an UL variableattenuator, the power amplifier 1620 can be an UL power amplifier, andthe low-pass filter 1622 can be an UL low-pass filter or low-orderfiltering. In another example, the power amplifier 1620 can comprise avariable gain power amplifier, a fixed-gain power amplifier, or a gainblock. In another example, the LPF 1622 can be configured to be coupledbetween the power amplifier 1620 and an UL outside antenna port 1604 orUL node antenna port 1604 to filter harmonics emitted by the poweramplifier 1620. While a low pass filter is described in this example, itis not intended to be limiting. A low-order filter can be used to filterthe harmonics. The low order filter can include one or more high passfilter poles and one or more low pass filter poles. The low-order filtercan be configured to have low loss since it is located after the poweramplifier 1620. In another example, the power amplifier 1620 can beconfigured to be coupled directly to the UL outside antenna port 1604without filtering between the power amplifier 1620 and the UL outsideantenna port 1604.

In another example, the UL dual-common port multi-bandpass filter 1616can include a first bandpass filter for a first frequency (e.g., B1) asecond band-pass filter for a second frequency (e.g., B2), andadditional bandpass filters for additional bands, if desired. The ULdual-common port multi-bandpass filter 1616 can comprise a plurality offilters located in a single package. Each filter in the single packagecan be designed and configured to operate with other filters in thepackage. For example, each filter can be impedance matched with theother filters in the package to enable the filters to properly functionwithin the same package. Each filter can be configured to provide abandpass for a selected band that is non-frequency adjacent with thebandpass bands of other filters in the single package. The ULdual-common port multi-bandpass filter 1616 can be configured to passtwo or more of 3GPP FDD frequency bands 2, 4, 5, 12, 13, 17, 25, 26, or71. In another example, the UL dual-common port multi-bandpass filter1616 can be configured to pass two or more of 3GPP FDD frequency bands1-28, 30, 31, 65, 66, 68, 70-74, or 85. In another example, the ULdual-common port multi-band-pass filter 1616 can be configured to passtwo or more selected channels within a 3GPP FDD band. In anotherexample, the UL dual-common port multi-band-pass filter 1616 can beconfigured to pass two or more selected frequency ranges within a 3GPPFDD band.

FIGS. 16f to 16i illustrate examples of dual-common port multi-filterpackages. One or more multi-filter package(s) 1616 a can be included ina repeater (i.e. signal booster or bidirectional amplifier). Themulti-filter package 1616 a can be communicatively coupled to a firstinterface port of the repeater. The first interface port can communicateone or more signals that include multiple bands. Each signal maycommunicate a single band, or multiple bands.

As shown in FIG. 16f , the multi-filter package 1616 a can include afirst common port 1616 b and a second common port 1616 c. The firstcommon port 1616 b can be coupled to the first interface port and aninput to two or more filters in the multi-filter package 1616 a, such asa first BPF (BPF1) 1616 d and a second BPF (BPF2) 1616 e in themulti-filter package 1616 e. The first BPF (BPF1) 1616 d and the secondBPF (BPF2) 1616 e can be configured to filter one or more bands in oneor more signals. The second common port 1616 c can be coupled to asecond interface port of the repeater, where the second interface cancommunicate the one or more signals, as well as to an output of the twoor more filters in the multi-filter package 1616 a.

In one example, as shown in FIG. 16f , the multi-filter package 1616 acan include a first signal trace 1616 h and a second signal trace 1616i. The first signal trace 1616 h can be coupled between the first commonport 1616 b, and then divide to couple to the input of the two or morefilters in the multi-filter package 1616 a. Furthermore, the secondsignal trace 1616 i can be coupled between the second common port 1616c, and then divide to couple to the output of the two or more filters inthe multi-filter package 1616 a.

In one example, a length of the first signal trace 1616 h from the firstcommon port 1616 b to the input to each of the two or more filters inthe multi-filter package 1616 a can have a substantially equal length(e.g., less than 5 mm in length with a difference in length of less than+/−0.25 mm). In another example, a length of the second signal trace1616 i from the second common port 1616 c to the output of each of thetwo or more filters in the multi-filter package 1616 a can have asubstantially equal length (e.g., less than 5 mm in length with adifference of less than +/−0.25 mm). In yet another example, a length ofeach of the first signal trace 1616 h and the second signal trace 1616 ican be less than 2 millimeters (mm) in length.

In one example, the multi-filter package 1616 a can be associated withat least one of a high band frequency or a low band frequency.

In one example, as shown in FIG. 16f , the multi-filter package 1616 acan include two or more impedance-matched uplink bandpass filters fortwo or more uplink bands, respectively. Alternatively, the multi-filterpackage 1616 a can include two or more impedance-matched downlinkbandpass filters for two or more downlink bands, respectively. Theimpedance-matched filters can each have an input 1616 h that isimpedance matched to the first common port 1616 b, and an output 1616 ithat is impedance matched to the second common port 1616 c.

In one example, as shown in FIG. 16g , the multi-filter package 1616 acan include a matching network 1616 f. The matching network 1616 f canbe coupled to an input of the two or more filters in the multi-filterpackage 1616 a, such as the first BPF (BPF1) 1616 d and the second BPF(BPF2) 1616 e in the multi-filter package 1616 a. The matching network1616 f can be configured to impedance match the input of each of the twoor more filters in the multi-filter package 1616 a to the first commonport 1616 b.

In one example, as shown in FIG. 16h , the multi-filter package 1616 acan include a matching network 1616 f. The matching network 1616 f canbe coupled to the output of the two or more filters in the multi-filterpackage 1616 a, such as the first BPF (BPF1) 1616 d and the second BPF(BPF2) 1616 e in the multi-filter package 1616 a. The matching network1616 f can be operable to impedance match the two or more filters in themulti-filter package 1616 a.

In one example, each filter in the multi-filter package 1616 a (e.g.,the first BPF (BPF1) 1616 d and the second BPF (BPF2) 1616 e) can havean input that is impedance matched to inputs of other filters in themulti-filter package 1616 a and/or each filter in the multi-filterpackage 1616 a can have an output that is impedance matched to outputsof other filters in the multi-filter package 1616 a.

In one example, as shown in FIG. 16i , the multi-filter package 1616 acan include a first matching network 1616 f and a second matchingnetwork 1616 g. The first matching network 1616 f can be coupled to theinput of the two or more filters in the multi-filter package 1616 a,such as the first BPF (BPF1) 1616 d and the second BPF (BPF2) 1616 e inthe multi-filter package 1616 a, and the second matching network 1616 gcan be coupled to the output of the two or more filters in themulti-filter package 1616 a. Each of the matching networks can impedancematch the input/output to the associated common port.

In one configuration, as shown in FIGS. 16f to 16i , multi-filterpackage(s) 1616 a can include an impedance-matched filter set (e.g., thefirst BPF (BPF1) 1616 d and the second BPF (BPF2) 1616 e) with the firstcommon port 1616 b and the second common port 1616 c.

In one example, the impedance-matched filter set can refer to a set oftwo or more filters in the multi-filter package 1616 a, wherein eachfilter in the set can have filter input that is impedance matched with acommon port and a filter output that is impedance matched with aseparate common port. The impedance matching can be accomplished at thefilter, or using an impedance matching network within the multi-filterpackage 1616 a that is coupled to the set of two or more filters, toenable a single common input and a single common output for theimpedance-matched filter set. Accordingly, the multi-filter package 1616a can be configured to separately filter each of the bands of a signalwith two or more downlink bands or two or more uplink bands.

In one example, the uplink bands can be combined using the dual-commonport multi-bandpass filters. Rather than using a separate UL amplifierand filter chain for each band, channel, or frequency range, a singleamplifier chain can be used with the dual-common port multi-bandpassfilters capable of filtering the multiple bands, channels, or frequencyranges. This line-sharing technique simplifies the architecture, thenumber of components, and the layout of the repeater. In addition,line-sharing due to the combined filters can allow for additionalcomponent sharing, such as RF amplifiers (gain blocks), RF attenuators,RF detectors, and the like. With fewer components, the repeater can havea higher overall reliability and a lower overall cost.

In another example, after traveling on the UL path, the UL signal on theUL path can be amplified and filtered in accordance with the type ofamplifiers and dual-common port multi-bandpass filters included on theUL path. The signal from the UL path can be directed to an UL nodeantenna port 1604. The UL signal can be directed from the UL nodeantenna port 1604 to an integrated UL node antenna 1630 or an UL outsideantenna 1630. The UL node antenna 1630 can be an omnidirectional antennaor a directional antenna. The UL outside antenna 1630 can communicatethe amplified and/or filtered UL signal to a base station.

In another example, an integrated DL node antenna port 1606 or DLoutside antenna port 1606 can be configured to be coupled to anintegrated DL node antenna 1650 or a DL outside antenna 1650. Theintegrated DL node antenna 1650 can be an omnidirectional antenna ordirectional antenna. The integrated DL node antenna 1650 can receive aDL signal from a base station. The DL outside antenna port 1606 can beconfigured to be coupled to an input of a low-noise amplifier 1652.

In another example, the DL path can comprise one or more of a low-noiseamplifier 1652, a DL dual-common port multi-bandpass filter 1654, avariable attenuator 1656, or a power amplifier (PA) 1658. The low-noiseamplifier 1652 can be a DL low-noise amplifier, the variable attenuator1656 can be a DL variable attenuator, and the power amplifier 1658 canbe a DL power amplifier. In another example, the power amplifier 1658can comprise a variable gain power amplifier, a fixed-gain poweramplifier, or a gain block. In another example, the low-noise amplifier1652 can be configured to be coupled to a DL outside antenna port 1606without filtering between the low-noise amplifier 1652 and the DLoutside antenna port 1606.

In another example, the DL dual-common port multi-bandpass filter 1654can include a first bandpass filter for a first frequency (e.g., B1) asecond band-pass filter for a second frequency (e.g., B2). The DLdual-common port multi-band-pass filter 1654 can comprise a plurality offilters located in a single package. Each filter in the single packagecan be designed and configured to operate with other filters in thepackage. For example, each filter can be impedance matched with theother filters in the package to enable the filters to properly functionwithin the same package. Each filter can be configured to provide abandpass for a selected band that is non-frequency adjacent with thebandpass bands of other filters in the single package. The DLdual-common port multi-bandpass filter 1654 can be configured to passtwo or more of 3GPP FDD frequency bands 2, 4, 5, 12, 13, 17, 25, 26, or71. In another example, the DL dual-common port multi-bandpass filter1654 can be configured to pass two or more of 3GPP FDD frequency bands1-28, 30, 31, 65, 66, 68, 70-74, or 85. In another example, the DLdual-common port multi-bandpass filter 1654 can be configured to passtwo or more selected channels within a 3GPP FDD band. In anotherexample, the DL dual-common port multi-bandpass filter 1654 can beconfigured to pass two or more selected frequency ranges within a 3GPPFDD band.

In one example, the downlink bands can be combined using the dual-commonport multi-bandpass filters. Rather than using a separate DL amplifierand filter chain for each band, channel, or frequency range, a singleamplifier chain can be used with the dual-common port multi-bandpassfilters capable of filtering the multiple bands, channels, or frequencyranges. This line-sharing technique simplifies the architecture, thenumber of components, and the layout of the repeater. In addition,line-sharing due to the combined filters can allow for additionalcomponent sharing, such as RF amplifiers (gain blocks), RF attenuators,RF detectors, and the like. With fewer components, the repeater can havea higher overall reliability and a lower overall cost.

In another example, after traveling on the DL path, the DL signal on theDL path can be amplified and filtered in accordance with the type ofamplifiers and dual-common port multi-bandpass filters included on theDL path. The signal from the DL path can be directed to the multi-commonport multi-filter package 1612. From the multi-common port multi-filterpackage 1612, the DL signal can be directed to an integrated deviceantenna port 1602 or a bi-directional inside antenna port 1602.

In another example, a receive diversity DL outside antenna port 1669 orreceive diversity DL node antenna port 1669 or receive diversity DLdonor antenna port 1669 can be configured to be coupled to a receivediversity DL outside antenna 1670 or receive diversity DL node antenna1670 or receive diversity DL donor antenna 1670. The receive diversityDL node antenna 1670 can be an omnidirectional antenna or directionalantenna. The receive diversity DL node antenna 1670 can receive a DLsignal from a base station. The receive diversity DL outside antennaport 1669 can be configured to be coupled to an input of a low-noiseamplifier 1672.

In another example, the receive diversity DL path can comprise one ormore of a low-noise amplifier 1672, a DL dual-common port multi-bandpassfilter 1674, a variable attenuator 1676, or a power amplifier (PA) 1678.The low-noise amplifier 1672 can be a DL low-noise amplifier, thevariable attenuator 1676 can be a DL variable attenuator, and the poweramplifier 1678 can be a DL power amplifier. In another example, thepower amplifier 1678 can comprise a variable gain power amplifier, afixed-gain power amplifier, or a gain block. In another example, thelow-noise amplifier 1672 can be configured to be coupled directly to areceive diversity DL outside antenna port 1669 without filtering betweenthe low-noise amplifier 1672 and the receive diversity DL outsideantenna port 1669.

In another example, the DL dual-common port multi-bandpass filter 1674can include a first bandpass filter for a first frequency (e.g., B1) asecond band-pass filter for a second frequency (e.g., B2). The DLdual-common port multi-band-pass filter 1674 can comprise a plurality offilters located in a single package. Each filter in the single packagecan be designed and configured to operate with other filters in thepackage. For example, each filter can be impedance matched with theother filters in the package to enable the filters to properly functionwithin the same package. Each filter can be configured to provide abandpass for a selected band that is non-frequency adjacent with thebandpass bands of other filters in the single package. The DLdual-common port multi-bandpass filter 1674 can be configured to passtwo or more of 3GPP FDD frequency bands 2, 4, 5, 12, 13, 17, 25, 26, or71. In another example, the DL dual-common port multi-band-pass filter1674 can be configured to pass two or more of 3GPP FDD frequency bands1-28, 30, 31, 65, 66, 68, 70-74, or 85. In another example, the DLdual-common port multi-bandpass filter 1674 can be configured to passtwo or more selected channels within a 3GPP FDD band. In anotherexample, the DL dual-common port multi-bandpass filter 1674 can beconfigured to pass two or more selected frequency ranges within a 3GPPFDD band.

In another example, after traveling on the receive diversity DL path,the receive diversity signal on the receive diversity DL path can beamplified and filtered in accordance with the type of amplifiers anddual-common port multi-band-pass filters included on the receivediversity DL path. The signal from the receive diversity DL path can bedirected to a receive diversity device antenna port 1692 or a receivediversity downlink inside antenna port 1692. In another example, in analternative, the receive diversity signal can travel on a bypass pathcoupled between the receive diversity DL inside antenna port 1692 andthe receive diversity DL outside antenna port 1669, wherein the bypasspath does not amplify or filter the receive diversity signal. Thereceive diversity device antenna port 1692 or a receive diversitydownlink inside antenna port 1692 can be configured to be coupled to areceive diversity device antenna 1690 or a receive diversity downlinkinside antenna 1690. The receive diversity device antenna 1690 cancommunicate the amplified and/or filtered or bypassed receive diversityDL signal to a UE.

In another example, as illustrated in FIG. 16j , the integrated deviceantenna 1610 can receive an UL signal from a UE. The bi-directionalinside antenna port 1602 can be configured to be coupled to a splitter1613. The splitter 1613 can be a diplexer, a multiplexer, or amulti-common port multi-filter package. The splitter 1613 can direct asignal into an UL path or from a DL path. In one example, the splitter1613 can be used to separate the UL and DL paths.

In another example, as illustrated in FIG. 16k , a repeater can comprisea double-pole double-throw (DPDT) switch 1698. The output 1623 of the ULpath can be configured to be coupled to the DPDT switch 1698. The DPDTswitch 1698 can be configured to be coupled to an UL node antenna port1604. The DL node antenna port 1606 can be configured to be coupled tothe DPDT switch 1698. The DPDT switch 1698 can be configured to becoupled to an input 1651 of the DL path.

In another example, the DPDT switch 1698 can be configured to: allow theUL node antenna port 1604 to be coupled to the input 1651 of the DLpath, and allow the DL node antenna port 1606 to be coupled to theoutput 1623 of the UL path. The UL node antenna port 1604 and the DLnode antenna port can be switched based on whether the repeater isUL-limited or DL-limited. A repeater can be UL-limited when there is alow level of power from the repeater to the base station. A repeater canbe DL-limited when there is a low level of power from the base stationto the repeater.

In one example, switching from the UL node antenna port 1604 to the DLnode antenna port 1606 can allow the uplink amplification and filteringpath to use the DL node antenna port 1606 when the repeater isUL-limited. In one example, switching from the DL node antenna port 1506to the UL node antenna port 1604 can allow the downlink amplificationand filtering path to use the UL node antenna port 1604 when therepeater is DL-limited. In one example, this kind of switching canincrease the level of power from the repeater to the base station (whenthe repeater is UL-limited) and increase the level of power from thebase station to the repeater (when the repeater is DL-limited) by usingspatial diversity or polarization diversity.

In another example, as illustrated in FIG. 16l , a repeater can comprisea triple-pole triple-throw (TPTT) switch 1699. The output 1623 of the ULpath can be configured to be coupled to the TPTT switch 1699. The TPTTswitch 1699 can be configured to be coupled to an UL node antenna port1604. The DL node antenna port 1606 can be configured to be coupled tothe TPTT switch 1699. The TPTT switch 1699 can be configured to becoupled to an input 1651 of the DL path. The receive diversity nodeantenna port 1669 can be configured to be coupled to the TPTT switch1699. The TPTT switch 1699 can be configured to be coupled to an input1671 of the receive diversity DL path.

In another example, the TPTT switch 1699 can be configured to: allow theUL node antenna port 1604 to be coupled to the input 1651 of the DLpath; allow the UL node antenna port 1604 to be coupled to the input1671 of the receive diversity DL path. In another example, the TPTTswitch 1699 can be configured to: allow the DL node antenna port 1606 tobe coupled to the output 1623 of the UL path; allow the DL node antennaport 1606 to be coupled to the input 1671 of the receive diversity DLpath. In another example, the TPTT switch 1699 can be configured to:allow the receive diversity node antenna port 1669 to be coupled to theinput 1651 of the DL path; allow the receive diversity node antenna port1669 to be coupled to the output 1623 of the UL path.

In one example, the UL node antenna port 1604, the DL node antenna port,and the receive diversity node antenna port 1669 can be switched basedon whether the repeater is UL-limited or DL-limited. A repeater can beUL-limited when there is a low level of power from the repeater to thebase station. A repeater can be DL-limited when there is a low level ofpower from the base station to the repeater. In one example, this kindof antenna port switching can increase the level of power from therepeater to the base station (when the repeater is UL-limited) andincrease the level of power from the base station to the repeater (whenthe repeater is DL-limited) by using spatial diversity or polarizationdiversity.

Another example provides an apparatus 1700 of a repeater, as shown inthe flow chart in FIG. 17. The apparatus can comprise a bi-directionalinside antenna port, as shown in block 1710. The apparatus can furthercomprise a receive diversity downlink (DL) inside antenna port, as shownin block 1720. The apparatus can further comprise an uplink (UL) outsideantenna port, as shown in block 1730. The apparatus can further comprisea DL outside antenna port, as shown in block 1740. The apparatus canfurther comprise a receive diversity DL outside antenna port configuredto be coupled to a receive diversity DL outside antenna to provide areceive diversity signal, as shown in block 1750. The apparatus canfurther comprise a UL amplification and filtering path coupled betweenthe bi-directional inside antenna port and the UL outside antenna port,wherein the UL outside antenna port is configured to be coupled to an ULoutside antenna, as shown in block 1760. The apparatus can furthercomprise a DL amplification and filtering path coupled between thebi-directional inside antenna port and the DL outside antenna port,wherein the DL outside antenna port is configured to be coupled to a DLoutside antenna that is separate from the UL outside antenna and thereceive diversity DL outside antenna, as shown in block 1770.

Another example provides an apparatus 1800 of a repeater, as shown inthe flow chart in FIG. 18. The apparatus can comprise an uplink (UL)inside antenna port, as shown in block 1810. The apparatus can furthercomprise a downlink (DL) inside antenna port, as shown in block 1820.The apparatus can further comprise a receive diversity DL inside antennaport, as shown in block 1830. The apparatus can further comprise a ULoutside antenna port, as shown in block 1840. The apparatus can furthercomprise a DL outside antenna port, as shown in block 1850. Theapparatus can further comprise a receive diversity DL outside antennaport configured to be coupled to a receive diversity DL outside antennato provide a receive diversity signal, as shown in block 1860. Theapparatus can further comprise a UL amplification and filtering pathcoupled between the UL inside antenna port and the UL outside antennaport, wherein the UL outside antenna port is configured to be coupled toan UL outside antenna, as shown in block 1870. The apparatus can furthercomprise a DL amplification and filtering path coupled between the DLinside antenna port and the DL outside antenna port, wherein the DLoutside antenna port is configured to be coupled to a DL outside antennathat is separate from the UL outside antenna and the receive diversityDL outside antenna, as shown in block 1880.

Another example provides an apparatus 1900 of a repeater, as shown inthe flow chart in FIG. 19. The apparatus can comprise a bi-directionalserver antenna port, as shown in block 1910. The apparatus can furthercomprise an uplink (UL) donor antenna port, as shown in block 1920. Theapparatus can further comprise a downlink (DL) donor antenna port, asshown in block 1930. The apparatus can further comprise a ULamplification and filtering path coupled between the bi-directionalserver antenna port and the UL donor antenna port, wherein the UL donorantenna port is configured to be coupled to an UL donor antenna, asshown in block 1940. The apparatus can further comprise a DLamplification and filtering path coupled between the bi-directionalserver antenna port and the DL donor antenna port, wherein the DL donorantenna port is configured to be coupled to a DL donor antenna that isseparate from the UL donor antenna, as shown in block 1950.

Another example provides an apparatus 2000 of a repeater, as shown inthe flow chart in FIG. 20. The apparatus can comprise an uplink (UL)inside antenna port, as shown in block 2010. The apparatus can furthercomprise a downlink (DL) inside antenna port, as shown in block 2020.The apparatus can further comprise a UL outside antenna port, as shownin block 2030. The apparatus can further comprise a DL outside antennaport, as shown in block 2040. The apparatus can further comprise a ULamplification and filtering path coupled between the UL inside antennaport and the UL outside antenna port, wherein the UL outside antennaport is configured to be coupled to an UL outside antenna, as shown inblock 2050. The apparatus can further comprise a DL amplification andfiltering path coupled between the DL inside antenna port and the DLoutside antenna port, wherein the DL outside antenna port is configuredto be coupled to a DL outside antenna that is separate from the ULoutside antenna, as shown in block 2060.

Another example provides an apparatus 2100 of a signal booster, as shownin the flow chart in FIG. 21. The apparatus can comprise a signalamplifier that includes one or more amplification and filtering signalpaths, wherein the one or more amplification and filtering signal pathsare configured to amplify and filter signals, as shown in block 2110.The apparatus can further comprise a bi-directional device antenna port,as shown in block 2120. The apparatus can further comprise an uplink(UL) node antenna port, as shown in block 2130. The apparatus canfurther comprise a downlink (DL) node antenna port, as shown in block2140. The apparatus can further comprise a UL amplification andfiltering path coupled between the bi-directional device antenna portand the UL node antenna port, wherein the UL node antenna port isconfigured to be coupled to an UL node antenna, as shown in block 2150.The apparatus can further comprise a DL amplification and filtering pathcoupled between the bi-directional device antenna port and the DL nodeantenna port, wherein the DL node antenna port is configured to becoupled to a DL node antenna that is separate from the UL node antenna,as shown in block 2160.

EXAMPLES

The following examples pertain to specific technology embodiments andpoint out specific features, elements, or actions that can be used orotherwise combined in achieving such embodiments.

Example 1 includes a wireless device signal amplifier sleeve,comprising: a housing that encloses at least a portion of a wirelessdevice; a cellular signal amplifier integrated with the wireless devicesignal amplifier sleeve, wherein the cellular signal amplifier isconfigured to amplify signals for the wireless device; and a batteryintegrated with the wireless device signal amplifier sleeve, wherein thebattery is configured to provide power to the cellular signal amplifierand the wireless device.

Example 2 includes the wireless device signal amplifier sleeve ofExample 1, further comprising an integrated device antenna coupled tothe cellular signal amplifier, wherein the integrated device antenna isconfigured to transmit signals from the cellular signal amplifier to thewireless device, wherein the signals are detected at the wireless devicevia a wireless device antenna.

Example 3 includes the wireless device signal amplifier sleeve of any ofExamples 1 to 2, wherein a spacing between the integrated device antennaand the wireless device antenna within the wireless device signalamplifier sleeve is increased to achieve an increased coupling loss.

Example 4 includes the wireless device signal amplifier sleeve of any ofExamples 1 to 3, wherein a primary antenna of the wireless device iscoupled to the wireless device antenna within the wireless device signalamplifier sleeve at a predetermined distance to enable simultaneousuplink and downlink signal transmission at the wireless device, whereinthe primary antenna of the wireless device is blocked by the wirelessdevice to enable communications using a second antenna of the wirelessdevice, wherein the second antenna of the wireless device is configuredto communicate with a base station when a node antenna within thewireless device signal amplifier sleeve communicates with the basestation.

Example 5 includes the wireless device signal amplifier sleeve of any ofExamples 1 to 4, further comprising wireless charging circuitry operableto wirelessly charge the battery when the wireless device signalamplifier sleeve is placed in proximity to a wireless charging dock.

Example 6 includes the wireless device signal amplifier sleeve of any ofExamples 1 to 5, wherein a portion of the wireless device is wrapped inat least one of a radio frequency (RF) absorbent material or areflective material to reduce a specific absorption rate (SAR) levelcaused by the cellular signal amplifier integrated with the wirelessdevice signal amplifier sleeve.

Example 7 includes the wireless device signal amplifier sleeve of any ofExamples 1 to 6, further comprising a node antenna that enables thewireless device signal amplifier sleeve to communicate with one or morewireless device signal amplifier sleeves using one or more of Bluetoothv4.0, Bluetooth Low Energy, Bluetooth v4.1, Bluetooth v4.2, Ultra HighFrequency (UHF), Very High Frequency (VHF), 3GPP LTE, Institute ofElectronics and Electrical Engineers (IEEE) 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE802.11g, IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ad, and a TV WhiteSpace Band (TVWS).

Example 8 includes the wireless device signal amplifier sleeve of any ofExamples 1 to 7, further comprising: a cellular signal filter coupled tothe cellular signal amplifier and configured to filter signals for abase station; a satellite signal filter coupled to the cellular signalamplifier and configured to filter signals for a satellite; and a nodeantenna disposed within the sleeve, communicatively coupled to thecellular signal amplifier and configured to communicate with thesatellite and the base station.

Example 9 includes the wireless device signal amplifier sleeve of any ofExamples 1 to 8, wherein the cellular signal amplifier is furtherconfigured to: receive a downlink signal from a base station; direct thedownlink signal to a selected signal path for filtering andamplification of the downlink signal, wherein the signal path isselected based on a band associated with the downlink signal; andtransmit an amplified downlink signal to the wireless device.

Example 10 includes the wireless device signal amplifier sleeve of anyof Examples 1 to 9, wherein the cellular signal amplifier is furtherconfigured to: receive an uplink signal from the wireless device; directthe uplink signal to a selected signal path for filtering andamplification of the uplink signal, wherein the signal path is selectedbased on a band associated with the uplink signal; and transmit anamplified uplink signal to a base station.

Example 11 includes the wireless device signal amplifier sleeve of anyof Examples 1 to 10, wherein the cellular wireless device is removablefrom the wireless device signal amplifier sleeve.

Example 12 includes the wireless device signal amplifier sleeve of anyof Examples 1 to 11, wherein the cellular signal amplifier is a FederalCommunications Commission (FCC)-compatible consumer signal booster.

Example 13 includes the wireless device signal amplifier sleeve of anyof Examples 1 to 12, wherein the housing is sized and shaped to encloseat least the portion of the wireless device.

Example 14 includes the wireless device signal amplifier sleeve of anyof Examples 1 to 13, wherein the cellular signal amplifier is configuredto boost signals in up to six bands.

Example 15 includes a wireless device signal amplifier sleeve,comprising: a housing that encloses at least a portion of a wirelessdevice, wherein the wireless device includes a primary antenna and asecondary antenna; a cellular signal amplifier integrated with thewireless device signal amplifier sleeve, wherein the cellular signalamplifier is configured to amplify signals to or from a base station forthe wireless device; an integrated device antenna coupled to thecellular signal amplifier, wherein the integrated device antenna iscoupled to the primary antenna of the wireless device at a selecteddistance, wherein the secondary antenna of the wireless device enablesthe wireless device to directly communicate with the base station; andan integrated node antenna coupled to the cellular signal amplifier,wherein the integrated node antenna is configured to transmit signalsfrom the cellular signal amplifier to a base station.

Example 16 includes the wireless device signal amplifier sleeve ofExample 15, further comprising a battery integrated with the wirelessdevice signal amplifier sleeve, wherein the battery is configured toprovide power to the cellular signal amplifier and the wireless device.

Example 17 includes the wireless device signal amplifier sleeve of anyof Examples 15 to 16, wherein the integrated device antenna is coupledto the primary antenna of the wireless device at the selected distanceto achieve a desired coupling factor.

Example 18 includes the wireless device signal amplifier sleeve of anyof Examples 15 to 17, wherein communication between the primary antennaof the wireless device and the integrated device antenna coupled to thecellular signal amplifier is operable to occur simultaneously ascommunication between the secondary antenna of the wireless device andthe base station.

Example 19 includes a wireless device signal amplifier sleeve,comprising: a housing that encloses at least a portion of a wirelessdevice; a cellular signal amplifier integrated with the wireless devicesignal amplifier sleeve, wherein the cellular signal amplifier isconfigured to amplify signals for the wireless device; an integrateddevice antenna coupled to the cellular signal amplifier, wherein theintegrated device antenna is configured to transmit signals from thecellular signal amplifier to the wireless device; an integrated nodeantenna coupled to the cellular signal amplifier, wherein the integratednode antenna is configured to transmit signals from the cellular signalamplifier to a base station; and a battery integrated with the wirelessdevice signal amplifier sleeve, wherein the battery is configured toprovide power to the cellular signal amplifier and the wireless device.

Example 20 includes the wireless device signal amplifier sleeve ofExample 19, further comprising wireless charging circuitry operable towirelessly charge the battery when the wireless device signal amplifiersleeve is placed in proximity to a wireless charging dock.

Example 21 includes the wireless device signal amplifier sleeve of anyof Examples 19 to 20, wherein the cellular wireless device is removablefrom the wireless device signal amplifier sleeve.

Example 22 includes the wireless device signal amplifier sleeve of anyof Examples 19 to 21, wherein a spacing between the integrated deviceantenna and the wireless device antenna within the wireless devicesignal amplifier sleeve is increased to achieve an increased couplingloss.

Example 23 includes a signal repeater, comprising: a first antennaconfigured to communicate signals with a wireless device; a secondantenna configured to communicate signals with a base station; one ormore amplification and filtering signal paths configured to bepositioned between the first antenna and the second antenna, wherein theamplification and filtering signal paths are configured to amplify andfilter signals for communication to the base station via the firstantenna or for communication to the wireless device via the secondantenna; and a bypass signal path configured to be positioned betweenthe first antenna and the second antenna, wherein the bypass signal pathdoes not amplify and filter signals traveling through the bypass signalpath, wherein signals are directed to one of the amplification andfiltering signal paths or the bypass signal path.

Example 24 includes the signal repeater of Example 23, wherein the firstantenna includes an integrated device antenna and the second antennaincludes an integrated node antenna.

Example 25 includes the signal repeater of any of Examples 23 to 24,wherein the signals are directed to one of the amplification andfiltering signal paths or the bypass signal path depending on a powerlevel of the signals in relation to a defined power level threshold.

Example 26 includes the signal repeater of any of Examples 23 to 25,further comprising one or more detectors configured to detect the powerlevels of the signals.

Example 27 includes the signal repeater of any of Examples 23 to 26,further comprising one or more directional couplers used to form theamplification and filtering signal paths and the bypass signal path.

Example 28 includes the signal repeater of any of Examples 23 to 27,wherein: signals are directed to one of the amplification and filteringsignal paths when power levels of the signals are below the definedpower level threshold; and signals are directed to the bypass signalpath when power levels of the signals are above the defined power levelthreshold.

Example 29 includes the signal repeater of any of Examples 23 to 28,wherein the amplification and filtering signal paths includes a highband amplification and filtering signal path operable to direct signalswithin high frequency bands.

Example 30 includes the signal repeater of any of Examples 23 to 29,wherein the amplification and filtering signal paths includes a low bandamplification and filtering signal path operable to direct signalswithin low frequency bands.

Example 31 includes the signal repeater of any of Examples 23 to 30,wherein the first antenna includes an integrated uplink (UL) nodeantenna or an integrated downlink (DL) node antenna.

Example 32 includes the signal repeater of any of Examples 23 to 31,wherein the amplification and filtering signal paths are configured toboost signals in up to six bands.

Example 33 includes the signal repeater of any of Examples 23 to 32,wherein the signal repeater is insertable in a wireless device signalamplifier sleeve along with the wireless device.

Example 34 includes a signal repeater, comprising: a first antennaconfigured to communicate signals with a wireless device; a secondantenna configured to communicate signals with a base station; and asignal amplifier configured to amplify and filter signals forcommunication to the base station via the first antenna or forcommunication to the wireless device via the second antenna, wherein thefirst antenna is configured to be coupled to the second antenna to forma bypass signal path that bypasses the signal amplifier.

Example 35 includes the signal repeater of Example 34, furthercomprising one or more detectors configured to detect the power levelsof the signals.

Example 36 includes the signal repeater of any of Examples 34 to 35,wherein signals are directed to the bypass signal path when the powerlevels of the signals are above a defined power level threshold.

Example 37 includes the signal repeater of any of Examples 34 to 36,wherein signals are not directed to the bypass signal path when thepower levels of the signals are below a defined power level threshold.

Example 38 includes the signal repeater of any of Examples 34 to 37,further comprising one or more directional couplers used to form thebypass signal path that bypasses the signal amplifier.

Example 39 includes the signal repeater of any of Examples 34 to 38,wherein the first antenna includes an integrated uplink (UL) nodeantenna or an integrated downlink (DL) node antenna.

Example 40 includes the signal repeater of any of Examples 34 to 39,wherein the signal amplifier includes one or more downlink (DL)amplification and filtering signal paths and one or more uplink (UL)amplification and filtering signal paths.

Example 41 includes the signal repeater of any of Examples 34 to 40,wherein the signal amplifier includes one or more amplifiers and one ormore band pass filters, wherein the band pass filters correspond to highfrequency bands or low frequency bands.

Example 42 includes a signal repeater, comprising: a network hardwaredevice configured to communicate signals with a wireless device; anamplified node antenna configured to communicate signals with a basestation; a passive node antenna configured to communicate signals withthe base station; one or more amplification and filtering signal pathsconfigured to be positioned between the network hardware device and theamplified node antenna, wherein the amplification and filtering signalpaths are configured to amplify and filter signals for communication tothe base station via the amplified node antenna or for communication tothe wireless device via the network hardware device; and a bypass signalpath configured to be positioned between the network hardware device andthe passive node antenna, wherein the bypass signal path does notamplify and filter signals traveling through the bypass signal path.

Example 43 includes the signal repeater of Example 42, furthercomprising one or more detectors configured to detect power levels ofsignals from the network hardware device, wherein the signals areprovided to one of the amplification and filtering signal paths when thepower levels of the signals are below a defined power level threshold orthe signals are provided to bypass signal path when the power levels ofthe signals are above the defined power level threshold.

Example 44 includes the signal repeater of any of Examples 42 to 43,further comprising one or more directional couplers used to form theamplification and filtering signal paths and the bypass signal path.

Example 45 includes the signal repeater of any of Examples 42 to 44,wherein the signal repeater is insertable in a wireless device signalamplifier sleeve along with the wireless device.

Example 46 includes the signal repeater of any of Examples 42 to 45,wherein the network hardware device includes a modem.

Example 47 includes a signal booster, comprising: a signal amplifierthat includes one or more amplification and filtering signal paths,wherein the amplification and filtering signal paths are configured toamplify and filter signals; and one or more detectors configured todetect power levels of the signals, wherein the one or moreamplification and filtering signal paths include one or more bypassableamplifiers, wherein the signals bypass the amplifiers to conserve energybased on the power levels of the signals in relation to a defined powerlevel threshold, and the signals do not bypass the amplifiers based onthe power levels of the signals in relation to the defined power levelthreshold.

Example 48 includes the signal booster of Example 47, furthercomprising: an integrated device antenna configured to communicatesignals with a wireless device; and an integrated node antennaconfigured to communicate signals with a base station.

Example 49 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 47 to 48,wherein the integrated node antenna includes an integrated uplink (UL)node antenna or an integrated downlink (DL) node antenna.

Example 50 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 47 to 49,wherein the one or more amplification and filtering signal paths includeone or more downlink (DL) amplification and filtering signal paths andone or more uplink (UL) amplification and filtering signal paths.

Example 51 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 47 to 50,wherein the signal booster is insertable in a wireless device signalamplifier sleeve along with the wireless device.

Example 52 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 47 to 51,wherein the signal booster is a Federal Communications Commission(FCC)-compatible consumer signal booster.

Example 53 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 47 to 52,wherein the signal amplifier is configured to boost signals in up to sixbands.

Example 54 includes a signal booster, comprising: a signal amplifierthat includes one or more amplification and filtering signal paths,wherein the amplification and filtering signal paths are configured toamplify and filter signals; and one or more detectors configured todetect power levels of the signals, wherein the one or moreamplification and filtering signal paths include one or more switchableband pass filters, wherein the band pass filters are switched in basedon the power levels of the signals in relation to a defined power levelthreshold, the band pass filters are switched out based on the powerlevels of the signals in relation to the defined power level threshold.

Example 55 includes the signal booster of Example 54, furthercomprising: an integrated device antenna configured to communicatesignals with a wireless device; and an integrated node antennaconfigured to communicate signals with a base station.

Example 56 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 54 to 55,wherein the band pass filters are switched out to reduce a noise figureof the signal booster and extend a coverage area of the signal booster.

Example 57 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 54 to 56,wherein the switchable band pass filters correspond to high frequencybands or low frequency bands, wherein the high frequency bands includeband 4 (B4) and band 25 (B25), and the low frequency bands include band5 (B5), band 12 (B12) and band 13 (B13).

Example 58 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 54 to 57,wherein the switchable band pass filters are first band pass filters ina defined stage of the amplification and filtering signal paths.

Example 59 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 54 to 58,wherein the signal booster is insertable in a wireless device signalamplifier sleeve along with the wireless device.

Example 60 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 54 to 59,wherein the signal booster is a Federal Communications Commission(FCC)-compatible consumer signal booster.

Example 61 includes a signal booster, comprising: a signal amplifierconfigured to amplify and filter signals for a wireless device; and oneor more detectors configured to detect power levels of the signals,wherein the signal amplifier includes at least one of: one or morebypassable amplifiers or one or more switchable band pass filters thatare configurable depending on detected power levels of the signals.

Example 62 includes the signal booster of Example 61, wherein: thesignals bypass the amplifiers to conserve energy based on the powerlevels of the signals in relation to a defined power level threshold; orthe signals do not bypass the amplifiers based on the power levels inrelation to the defined power level threshold.

Example 63 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 61 to 62,wherein: the band pass filters are switched in based on the power levelsof the signals in relation to a defined power level threshold; or theband pass filters are switched out based on the power levels of thesignals in relation to the defined power level threshold.

Example 64 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 61 to 63,wherein the signal amplifier is further configured to: receive adownlink signal from a base station; direct the downlink signal to aselected signal path for filtering and amplification of the downlinksignal, wherein the signal path is selected based on a band associatedwith the downlink signal; and transmit an amplified downlink signal tothe wireless device.

Example 65 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 61 to 64,wherein the signal amplifier is further configured to: receive an uplinksignal from the wireless device; direct the uplink signal to a selectedsignal path for filtering and amplification of the uplink signal,wherein the signal path is selected based on a band associated with theuplink signal; and transmit an amplified uplink signal to a basestation.

Example 66 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 61 to 65,wherein the signal booster is a cellular signal booster.

Example 67 includes a repeater, comprising: a bi-directional insideantenna port; a receive diversity downlink (DL) inside antenna port; anuplink (UL) outside antenna port; a DL outside antenna port; a receivediversity DL outside antenna port configured to be coupled to a receivediversity DL outside antenna to provide a receive diversity signal; a ULamplification and filtering path coupled between the bi-directionalinside antenna port and the UL outside antenna port, wherein the ULoutside antenna port is configured to be coupled to an UL outsideantenna; and a DL amplification and filtering path coupled between thebi-directional inside antenna port and the DL outside antenna port,wherein the DL outside antenna port is configured to be coupled to a DLoutside antenna that is separate from both the UL outside antenna andthe receive diversity DL outside antenna.

Example 68 includes the repeater of Example 67, wherein the receivediversity DL outside antenna port is coupled to a receive diversity DLamplification and filtering path coupled between the receive diversityDL inside antenna port and the receive diversity DL outside antennaport.

Example 69 includes the repeater of Example 68, further comprising: areceive diversity DL multiband filter on the receive diversity DLamplification and filtering path, wherein the receive diversity DLmultiband filter is configured to filter signals on two or morenon-spectrally adjacent bands.

Example 70 includes the repeater of Example 69, wherein the receivediversity DL multiband filter comprises a plurality of bandpass filtersin a single package, wherein the plurality of bandpass filters areimpedance matched to enable operation in the single package.

Example 71 includes the repeater of Example 70, wherein the receivediversity DL multiband filter is a dual-common port multi-bandpassfilter.

Example 72 includes the repeater of Example 67, wherein the UL outsideantenna port, the DL outside antenna port, or the receive diversity DLoutside antenna port are configured to be coupled to one or more of anomnidirectional antenna or a directional antenna.

Example 73 includes the repeater of Example 67, wherein the UL outsideantenna port is connected to a power amplifier without filtering betweenthe power amplifier and the UL outside antenna port.

Example 74 includes the repeater of Example 67, wherein the UL outsideantenna port is coupled to a power amplifier with low-order filteringcoupled between the UL outside antenna port and the power amplifier tofilter harmonics emitted by the power amplifier.

Example 75 includes the repeater of Example 67, wherein: the DL outsideantenna port is connected to a low-noise amplifier without filteringbetween the low-noise amplifier and the DL outside antenna port; or theDL outside antenna port is coupled to a low-noise amplifier with aswitchable filter between the low-noise amplifier and the DL outsideantenna port.

Example 76 includes the repeater of Example 67, further comprising oneor more of: a low-noise amplifier on the UL amplification and filteringpath; a low-noise amplifier on the DL amplification and filtering path;a power amplifier on the UL amplification and filtering path; a poweramplifier on the DL amplification and filtering path; a variableattenuator on the UL amplification and filtering path; a variableattenuator on the DL amplification and filtering path; a band-passfilter on the UL amplification and filtering path; or a band-pass filteron the DL amplification and filtering path.

Example 77 includes the repeater of Example 67, wherein the repeater isconfigured to amplify signals in up to six bands, wherein each bandcomprises a separate amplification and filtering path.

Example 78 includes the repeater of Example 77, wherein the up to sixbands are selected from one or more of: Third Generation PartnershipProject (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) frequency bands 1 through 85,3GPP 5G frequency bands 1 through 86, or 3GPP 5G frequency bands 257through 261.

Example 79 includes the repeater of Example 67, wherein the repeater isa Federal Communications Commission (FCC)-compatible consumer signalbooster.

Example 80 includes the repeater of Example 67, wherein one or more ofthe UL amplification and filtering path, the DL amplification andfiltering path, or a receive diversity DL amplification and filteringpath is configured to switch between one or more of: the UL outsideantenna port; the DL outside antenna port; or the receive diversity DLoutside antenna port.

Example 81 includes the repeater of Example 67, further comprising oneor more of: an UL multiband filter on the UL amplification and filteringpath, wherein the UL multiband filter is configured to filter signals ontwo or more non-spectrally adjacent bands; or a DL multiband filter onthe DL amplification and filtering path, wherein the DL multiband filteris configured to filter signals on two or more non-spectrally adjacentbands.

Example 82 includes the repeater of Example 81, wherein the UL multibandfilter or the DL multiband filter comprises a plurality of bandpassfilters in a single package, wherein the plurality of bandpass filtersare impedance matched to enable operation in the single package.

Example 83 includes the repeater of Example 82, wherein the UL multibandfilter or the DL multiband filter is a dual-common port multi-band-passfilter.

Example 84 includes the repeater of Example 67, further comprising amultiplexer configured to: couple the UL amplification and filteringpath to the bi-directional inside antenna port; and couple the DLamplification and filtering path to the bi-directional inside antennaport.

Example 85 includes the repeater of Example 84, wherein the multiplexercan be a diplexer, a duplexer, a multiplexer, a circulator, or amulti-common port multi-filter package.

Example 86 includes a repeater, comprising: an uplink (UL) insideantenna port; a downlink (DL) inside antenna port; a receive diversityDL inside antenna port; a UL outside antenna port; a DL outside antennaport; a receive diversity DL outside antenna port configured to becoupled to a receive diversity DL outside antenna to provide a receivediversity signal; a UL amplification and filtering path coupled betweenthe UL inside antenna port and the UL outside antenna port, wherein theUL outside antenna port is configured to be coupled to an UL outsideantenna; and a DL amplification and filtering path coupled between theDL inside antenna port and the DL outside antenna port, wherein the DLoutside antenna port is configured to be coupled to a DL outside antennathat is separate from both the UL outside antenna and the receivediversity DL outside antenna.

Example 87 includes the repeater of Example 86, wherein the receivediversity DL outside antenna port is coupled to a receive diversity DLamplification and filtering path coupled between the receive diversityDL inside antenna port and the receive diversity DL outside antennaport.

Example 88 includes the repeater of Example 87, further comprising oneor more of: a receive diversity DL multiband filter on the receivediversity DL amplification and filtering path, wherein the receivediversity DL multiband filter is configured to filter signals on two ormore non-spectrally adjacent bands.

Example 89 includes the repeater of Example 88, wherein the receivediversity DL multiband filter comprises a plurality of bandpass filtersin a single package, wherein the plurality of bandpass filters areimpedance matched to enable operation in the single package.

Example 90 includes the repeater of Example 89, wherein the receivediversity DL multiband filter is a dual-common port multi-bandpassfilter.

Example 91 includes the repeater of Example 86, wherein the UL outsideantenna port, the DL outside antenna port, or the receive diversity DLoutside antenna port are configured to be coupled to one or more of anomnidirectional antenna or a directional antenna.

Example 92 includes the repeater of Example 86, wherein the UL outsideantenna port is connected to a power amplifier without filtering betweenthe power amplifier and the UL outside antenna port.

Example 93 includes the repeater of Example 86, wherein the UL outsideantenna port is coupled to a power amplifier with low-order filteringcoupled between the UL outside antenna port and the power amplifier tofilter harmonics emitted by the power amplifier.

Example 94 includes the repeater of Example 86, wherein: the DL outsideantenna port is connected to a low-noise amplifier without filteringbetween the low-noise amplifier and the DL outside antenna port; or theDL outside antenna port is coupled to a low-noise amplifier with aswitchable filter between the low-noise amplifier and the DL outsideantenna port.

Example 95 includes the repeater of Example 86, further comprising oneor more of: a low-noise amplifier on the UL amplification and filteringpath; a low-noise amplifier on the DL amplification and filtering path;a power amplifier on the UL amplification and filtering path; a poweramplifier on the DL amplification and filtering path; a variableattenuator on the UL amplification and filtering path; a variableattenuator on the DL amplification and filtering path; a band-passfilter on the UL amplification and filtering path; or a band-pass filteron the DL amplification and filtering path.

Example 96 includes the repeater of Example 86, wherein the repeater isconfigured to amplify signals in up to six bands, wherein each bandcomprises a separate amplification and filtering path.

Example 97 includes the repeater of Example 96, wherein the up to sixbands are selected from one or more of: Third Generation PartnershipProject (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) frequency bands 1 through 85,3GPP 5G frequency bands 1 through 86, or 3GPP 5G frequency bands 257through 261.

Example 98 includes the repeater of Example 86, wherein the repeater isa Federal Communications Commission (FCC)-compatible consumer signalbooster.

Example 99 includes the repeater of Example 86, wherein one or more ofthe UL amplification and filtering path, the DL amplification andfiltering path, or a receive diversity DL amplification and filteringpath is configured to switch between one or more of: the UL outsideantenna port; the DL outside antenna port; or the receive diversity DLoutside antenna port.

Example 100 includes the repeater of Example 86, further comprising oneor more of: an UL multiband filter on the UL amplification and filteringpath, wherein the UL multiband filter is configured to filter signals ontwo or more non-spectrally adjacent bands; or a DL multiband filter onthe DL amplification and filtering path, wherein the DL multiband filteris configured to filter signals on two or more non-spectrally adjacentbands.

Example 101 includes the repeater of Example 100, wherein the ULmultiband filter or the DL multiband filter comprises a plurality ofbandpass filters in a single package, wherein the plurality of bandpassfilters are impedance matched to enable operation in the single package.

Example 102 includes the repeater of Example 101, wherein the ULmultiband filter or the DL multiband filter is a dual-common portmulti-band-pass filter.

Example 103 includes a repeater, comprising: a bi-directional serverantenna port; an uplink (UL) donor antenna port; a downlink (DL) donorantenna port; a UL amplification and filtering path coupled between thebi-directional server antenna port and the UL donor antenna port,wherein the UL donor antenna port is configured to be coupled to an ULdonor antenna; and a DL amplification and filtering path coupled betweenthe bi-directional server antenna port and the DL donor antenna port,wherein the DL donor antenna port is configured to be coupled to a DLdonor antenna that is separate from the UL donor antenna.

Example 104 includes the repeater of Example 103, further comprising: areceive diversity DL server antenna port; and a receive diversity DLdonor antenna port configured to be coupled to a receive diversity DLdonor antenna to provide a receive diversity signal.

Example 105 includes the repeater of Example 104, further comprising: areceive diversity DL multiband filter on a receive diversity DLamplification and filtering path coupled between the receive diversityDL server antenna port and the receive diversity DL donor antenna port,wherein the receive diversity DL multiband filter is configured tofilter signals on two or more non-spectrally adjacent bands.

Example 106 includes the repeater of Example 105, wherein the receivediversity DL multiband filter comprises a plurality of bandpass filtersin a single package, wherein the plurality of bandpass filters areimpedance matched to enable operation in the single package.

Example 107 includes the repeater of Example 106, wherein the receivediversity DL multiband filter is a dual-common port multi-bandpassfilter.

Example 108 includes the repeater of Example 104, wherein one or more ofthe UL amplification and filtering path or the DL amplification andfiltering path or a receive diversity DL amplification and filteringpath coupled between the receive diversity DL server antenna port andthe receive diversity DL donor antenna port is configured to switchbetween one or more of: the UL donor antenna port; the DL donor antennaport; or the receive diversity DL donor antenna port.

Example 109 includes the repeater of Example 104, wherein: the receivediversity DL donor antenna port is coupled to a receive diversity DLamplification and filtering path coupled between the receive diversityDL server antenna port and the receive diversity DL donor antenna port.

Example 110 includes the repeater of Example 104, wherein the UL donorantenna port, the DL donor antenna port, or the receive diversity DLdonor antenna port are configured to be coupled to one or more of anomnidirectional antenna or a directional antenna.

Example 111 includes the repeater of Example 103, wherein the UL donorantenna port is connected to a power amplifier without filtering betweenthe power amplifier and the UL donor antenna port.

Example 112 includes the repeater of Example 103, wherein the UL donorantenna port is coupled to a power amplifier with low-order filteringcoupled between the UL donor antenna port and the power amplifier tofilter harmonics emitted by the power amplifier.

Example 113 includes the repeater of Example 103, wherein: the DL donorantenna port is connected to a low-noise amplifier without filteringbetween the low-noise amplifier and the DL donor antenna port; or the DLdonor antenna port is coupled to a low-noise amplifier with a switchablefilter between the low-noise amplifier and the DL donor antenna port.

Example 114 includes the repeater of Example 103, further comprising oneor more of: a low-noise amplifier on the UL amplification and filteringpath; a low-noise amplifier on the DL amplification and filtering path;a power amplifier on the UL amplification and filtering path; a poweramplifier on the DL amplification and filtering path; a variableattenuator on the UL amplification and filtering path; a variableattenuator on the DL amplification and filtering path; a band-passfilter on the UL amplification and filtering path; or a band-pass filteron the DL amplification and filtering path.

Example 115 includes the repeater of Example 103, wherein the repeateris configured to amplify signals in up to six bands, wherein each bandcomprises a separate amplification and filtering path.

Example 116 includes the repeater of Example 115, wherein the up to sixbands are selected from one or more of: Third Generation PartnershipProject (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) frequency bands 1 through 85,3GPP 5G frequency bands 1 through 86, or 3GPP 5G frequency bands 257through 261.

Example 117 includes the repeater of Example 103, wherein the repeateris a Federal Communications Commission (FCC)-compatible consumer signalbooster.

Example 118 includes the repeater of Example 103, wherein one or more ofthe UL amplification and filtering path or the DL amplification andfiltering path is configured to switch between one or more of: the ULdonor antenna port; or the DL donor antenna port.

Example 119 includes the repeater of Example 103, further comprising oneor more of: an UL multiband filter on the UL amplification and filteringpath, wherein the UL multiband filter is configured to filter signals ontwo or more non-spectrally adjacent bands; or a DL multiband filter onthe DL amplification and filtering path, wherein the DL multiband filteris configured to filter signals on two or more non-spectrally adjacentbands.

Example 120 includes the repeater of Example 119, wherein the ULmultiband filter or the DL multiband filter comprises a plurality ofbandpass filters in a single package, wherein the plurality of bandpassfilters are impedance matched to enable operation in the single package.

Example 121 includes the repeater of Example 120, wherein the ULmultiband filter or the DL multiband filter is a dual-common portmulti-band-pass filter.

Example 122 includes the repeater of Example 103, further comprising amultiplexer configured to: couple the UL amplification and filteringpath to the bi-directional server antenna port; and couple the DLamplification and filtering path to the bi-directional server antennaport.

Example 123 includes the repeater of Example 122, wherein themultiplexer can be a diplexer, a duplexer, a multiplexer, a circulator,or a multi-common port multi-filter package.

Example 124 includes a repeater, comprising: an uplink (UL) insideantenna port; a downlink (DL) inside antenna port; a UL outside antennaport; a DL outside antenna port; a UL amplification and filtering pathcoupled between the UL inside antenna port and the UL outside antennaport, wherein the UL outside antenna port is configured to be coupled toan UL outside antenna; and a DL amplification and filtering path coupledbetween the DL inside antenna port and the DL outside antenna port,wherein the DL outside antenna port is configured to be coupled to a DLoutside antenna that is separate from the UL outside antenna.

Example 125 includes the repeater of Example 124, further comprising: areceive diversity DL inside antenna port; and a receive diversity DLoutside antenna port configured to be coupled to a receive diversity DLoutside antenna to provide a receive diversity signal.

Example 126 includes the repeater of Example 125, wherein: the receivediversity DL outside antenna port is coupled to a receive diversity DLamplification and filtering path coupled between the receive diversityDL inside antenna port and the receive diversity DL outside antennaport.

Example 127 includes the repeater of Example 125, wherein the UL outsideantenna port, the DL outside antenna port, or the receive diversity DLoutside antenna port are configured to be coupled to one or more of anomnidirectional antenna or a directional antenna.

Example 128 includes the repeater of Example 124, wherein the UL outsideantenna port is connected to a power amplifier without filtering betweenthe power amplifier and the UL outside antenna port.

Example 129 includes the repeater of Example 124, wherein the UL outsideantenna port is coupled to a power amplifier with low-order filteringcoupled between the UL outside antenna port and the power amplifier tofilter harmonics emitted by the power amplifier.

Example 130 includes the repeater of Example 124, wherein: the DLoutside antenna port is connected to a low-noise amplifier withoutfiltering between the low-noise amplifier and the DL outside antennaport; or the DL outside antenna port is coupled to a low-noise amplifierwith a switchable filter between the low-noise amplifier and the DLoutside antenna port.

Example 131 includes the repeater of Example 124, further comprising oneor more of: a low-noise amplifier on the UL amplification and filteringpath; a low-noise amplifier on the DL amplification and filtering path;a power amplifier on the UL amplification and filtering path; a poweramplifier on the DL amplification and filtering path; a variableattenuator on the UL amplification and filtering path; a variableattenuator on the DL amplification and filtering path; a band-passfilter on the UL amplification and filtering path; or a band-pass filteron the DL amplification and filtering path.

Example 132 includes the repeater of Example 124, wherein the repeateris configured to amplify signals in up to six bands, wherein each bandcomprises a separate amplification and filtering path.

Example 133 includes the repeater of Example 132, wherein the up to sixbands are selected from one or more of: Third Generation PartnershipProject (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) frequency bands 1 through 85,3GPP 5G frequency bands 1 through 86, or 3GPP 5G frequency bands 257through 261.

Example 134 includes the repeater of Example 124, wherein the repeateris a Federal Communications Commission (FCC)-compatible consumer signalbooster.

Example 135 includes the repeater of Example 124, wherein one or more ofthe UL amplification and filtering path or the DL amplification andfiltering path is configured to switch between one or more of: the ULoutside antenna port; or the DL outside antenna port.

Example 136 includes a signal booster, comprising: a signal amplifierthat includes one or more amplification and filtering signal paths,wherein the one or more amplification and filtering signal paths areconfigured to amplify and filter signals; a bi-directional deviceantenna port; an uplink (UL) node antenna port; a downlink (DL) nodeantenna port; a UL amplification and filtering path coupled between thebi-directional device antenna port and the UL node antenna port, whereinthe UL node antenna port is configured to be coupled to an UL nodeantenna; and a DL amplification and filtering path coupled between thebi-directional device antenna port and the DL node antenna port, whereinthe DL node antenna port is configured to be coupled to a DL nodeantenna that is separate from the UL node antenna.

Example 137 includes the signal booster of Example 136, furthercomprising: a receive diversity DL device antenna port; and a receivediversity DL node antenna port configured to be coupled to a receivediversity DL node antenna to provide a receive diversity signal.

Example 138 includes the signal booster of Example 137, wherein: thereceive diversity DL node antenna port is coupled to a receive diversityDL amplification and filtering path coupled between the receivediversity DL device antenna port and the receive diversity DL nodeantenna port.

Example 139 includes the signal booster of Example 137, wherein the ULnode antenna port, the DL node antenna port, or the receive diversity DLnode antenna port are configured to be coupled to one or more of anomnidirectional antenna or a directional antenna.

Example 140 includes the signal booster of Example 136, wherein the ULnode antenna port is connected to a power amplifier without filteringbetween the power amplifier and the UL node antenna port.

Example 141 includes the signal booster of Example 136, wherein the ULnode antenna port is coupled to a power amplifier with low-orderfiltering coupled between the UL node antenna port and the poweramplifier to filter harmonics emitted by the power amplifier.

Example 142 includes the signal booster of Example 136, wherein: the DLnode antenna port is connected to a low-noise amplifier withoutfiltering between the low-noise amplifier and the DL node antenna port;or the DL node antenna port is coupled to a low-noise amplifier with aswitchable filter between the low-noise amplifier and the DL nodeantenna port.

Example 143 includes the signal booster of Example 136, furthercomprising one or more of: a low-noise amplifier on the UL amplificationand filtering path; a low-noise amplifier on the DL amplification andfiltering path; a power amplifier on the UL amplification and filteringpath; a power amplifier on the DL amplification and filtering path; avariable attenuator on the UL amplification and filtering path; avariable attenuator on the DL amplification and filtering path; aband-pass filter on the UL amplification and filtering path; or aband-pass filter on the DL amplification and filtering path.

Example 144 includes the signal booster of Example 136, wherein therepeater is configured to amplify signals in up to six bands, whereineach band comprises a separate amplification and filtering path.

Example 145 includes the signal booster of Example 144, wherein the upto six bands are selected from one or more of: Third GenerationPartnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) frequency bands 1through 85, 3GPP 5G frequency bands 1 through 86, or 3GPP 5G frequencybands 257 through 261.

Example 146 includes the signal booster of Example 136, wherein therepeater is a Federal Communications Commission (FCC)-compatibleconsumer signal booster.

Example 147 includes the repeater of Example 136, wherein one or more ofthe UL amplification and filtering path or the DL amplification andfiltering path is configured to switch between one or more of: the ULnode antenna port; or the DL node antenna port.

Various techniques, or certain aspects or portions thereof, can take theform of program code (i.e., instructions) embodied in tangible media,such as floppy diskettes, compact disc-read-only memory (CD-ROMs), harddrives, non-transitory computer readable storage medium, or any othermachine-readable storage medium wherein, when the program code is loadedinto and executed by a machine, such as a computer, the machine becomesan apparatus for practicing the various techniques. Circuitry caninclude hardware, firmware, program code, executable code, computerinstructions, and/or software. A non-transitory computer readablestorage medium can be a computer readable storage medium that does notinclude signal. In the case of program code execution on programmablecomputers, the computing device can include a processor, a storagemedium readable by the processor (including volatile and non-volatilememory and/or storage elements), at least one input device, and at leastone output device. The volatile and non-volatile memory and/or storageelements can be a random-access memory (RAM), erasable programmable readonly memory (EPROM), flash drive, optical drive, magnetic hard drive,solid state drive, or other medium for storing electronic data. One ormore programs that can implement or utilize the various techniquesdescribed herein can use an application programming interface (API),reusable controls, and the like. Such programs can be implemented in ahigh level procedural or object oriented programming language tocommunicate with a computer system. However, the program(s) can beimplemented in assembly or machine language, if desired. In any case,the language can be a compiled or interpreted language, and combinedwith hardware implementations.

As used herein, the term processor can include general purposeprocessors, specialized processors such as VLSI, FPGAs, or other typesof specialized processors, as well as base band processors used intransceivers to send, receive, and process wireless communications.

It should be understood that many of the functional units described inthis specification have been labeled as modules, in order to moreparticularly emphasize their implementation independence. For example, amodule can be implemented as a hardware circuit comprising customvery-large-scale integration (VLSI) circuits or gate arrays,off-the-shelf semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, or otherdiscrete components. A module can also be implemented in programmablehardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmablearray logic, programmable logic devices or the like.

In one example, multiple hardware circuits or multiple processors can beused to implement the functional units described in this specification.For example, a first hardware circuit or a first processor can be usedto perform processing operations and a second hardware circuit or asecond processor (e.g., a transceiver or a baseband processor) can beused to communicate with other entities. The first hardware circuit andthe second hardware circuit can be incorporated into a single hardwarecircuit, or alternatively, the first hardware circuit and the secondhardware circuit can be separate hardware circuits.

Modules can also be implemented in software for execution by varioustypes of processors. An identified module of executable code can, forinstance, comprise one or more physical or logical blocks of computerinstructions, which can, for instance, be organized as an object,procedure, or function. Nevertheless, the executables of an identifiedmodule need not be physically located together, but can comprisedisparate instructions stored in different locations which, when joinedlogically together, comprise the module and achieve the stated purposefor the module.

Indeed, a module of executable code can be a single instruction, or manyinstructions, and can even be distributed over several different codesegments, among different programs, and across several memory devices.Similarly, operational data can be identified and illustrated hereinwithin modules, and can be embodied in any suitable form and organizedwithin any suitable type of data structure. The operational data can becollected as a single data set, or can be distributed over differentlocations including over different storage devices, and can exist, atleast partially, merely as electronic signals on a system or network.The modules can be passive or active, including agents operable toperform desired functions.

Reference throughout this specification to “an example” or “exemplary”means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic describedin connection with the example is included in at least one embodiment ofthe present invention. Thus, appearances of the phrases “in an example”or the word “exemplary” in various places throughout this specificationare not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.

As used herein, a plurality of items, structural elements, compositionalelements, and/or materials can be presented in a common list forconvenience. However, these lists should be construed as though eachmember of the list is individually identified as a separate and uniquemember. Thus, no individual member of such list should be construed as ade facto equivalent of any other member of the same list solely based ontheir presentation in a common group without indications to thecontrary. In addition, various embodiments and example of the presentinvention can be referred to herein along with alternatives for thevarious components thereof. It is understood that such embodiments,examples, and alternatives are not to be construed as defactoequivalents of one another, but are to be considered as separate andautonomous representations of the present invention.

Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics canbe combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In thefollowing description, numerous specific details are provided, such asexamples of layouts, distances, network examples, etc., to provide athorough understanding of embodiments of the invention. One skilled inthe relevant art will recognize, however, that the invention can bepracticed without one or more of the specific details, or with othermethods, components, layouts, etc. In other instances, well-knownstructures, materials, or operations are not shown or described indetail to avoid obscuring aspects of the invention.

While the forgoing examples are illustrative of the principles of thepresent invention in one or more particular applications, it will beapparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that numerousmodifications in form, usage and details of implementation can be madewithout the exercise of inventive faculty, and without departing fromthe principles and concepts of the invention. Accordingly, it is notintended that the invention be limited, except as by the claims setforth below.

What is claimed is:
 1. A repeater, comprising: a bi-directional serverantenna port; an uplink (UL) donor antenna port; a downlink (DL) donorantenna port; a UL amplification and filtering path coupled between thebi-directional server antenna port and the UL donor antenna port,wherein the UL donor antenna port is configured to be coupled to an ULdonor antenna; and a DL amplification and filtering path coupled betweenthe bi-directional server antenna port and the DL donor antenna port,wherein the DL donor antenna port is configured to be coupled to a DLdonor antenna that is separate from the UL donor antenna.
 2. Therepeater of claim 1, further comprising: a receive diversity DL serverantenna port; and a receive diversity DL donor antenna port configuredto be coupled to a receive diversity DL donor antenna to provide areceive diversity signal.
 3. The repeater of claim 2, furthercomprising: a receive diversity DL multiband filter on a receivediversity DL amplification and filtering path coupled between thereceive diversity DL server antenna port and the receive diversity DLdonor antenna port, wherein the receive diversity DL multiband filter isconfigured to filter signals on two or more non-spectrally adjacentbands.
 4. The repeater of claim 3, wherein the receive diversity DLmultiband filter comprises a plurality of bandpass filters in a singlepackage, wherein the plurality of bandpass filters are impedance matchedto enable operation in the single package.
 5. The repeater of claim 4,wherein the receive diversity DL multiband filter is a dual-common portmulti-bandpass filter.
 6. The repeater of claim 2, wherein one or moreof the UL amplification and filtering path or the DL amplification andfiltering path or a receive diversity DL amplification and filteringpath coupled between the receive diversity DL server antenna port andthe receive diversity DL donor antenna port is configured to switchbetween one or more of: the UL donor antenna port; the DL donor antennaport; or the receive diversity DL donor antenna port.
 7. The repeater ofclaim 2, wherein: the receive diversity DL donor antenna port is coupledto a receive diversity DL amplification and filtering path coupledbetween the receive diversity DL server antenna port and the receivediversity DL donor antenna port.
 8. The repeater of claim 2, wherein theUL donor antenna port, the DL donor antenna port, or the receivediversity DL donor antenna port are configured to be coupled to one ormore of an omnidirectional antenna or a directional antenna.
 9. Therepeater of claim 1, wherein the UL donor antenna port is connected to apower amplifier without filtering between the power amplifier and the ULdonor antenna port.
 10. The repeater of claim 1, wherein the UL donorantenna port is coupled to a power amplifier with low-order filteringcoupled between the UL donor antenna port and the power amplifier tofilter harmonics emitted by the power amplifier.
 11. The repeater ofclaim 1, wherein: the DL donor antenna port is connected to a low-noiseamplifier without filtering between the low-noise amplifier and the DLdonor antenna port; or the DL donor antenna port is coupled to alow-noise amplifier with a switchable filter between the low-noiseamplifier and the DL donor antenna port.
 12. The repeater of claim 1,further comprising one or more of: a low-noise amplifier on the ULamplification and filtering path; a low-noise amplifier on the DLamplification and filtering path; a power amplifier on the ULamplification and filtering path; a power amplifier on the DLamplification and filtering path; a variable attenuator on the ULamplification and filtering path; a variable attenuator on the DLamplification and filtering path; a band-pass filter on the ULamplification and filtering path; or a band-pass filter on the DLamplification and filtering path.
 13. The repeater of claim 1, whereinthe repeater is configured to amplify signals in up to six bands,wherein each band comprises a separate amplification and filtering path.14. The repeater of claim 13, wherein the up to six bands are selectedfrom one or more of: Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) LongTerm Evolution (LTE) frequency bands 1 through 85, 3GPP 5G frequencybands 1 through 86, or 3GPP 5G frequency bands 257 through
 261. 15. Therepeater of claim 1, wherein the repeater is a Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)-compatible consumer signal booster.
 16. The repeater ofclaim 1, wherein one or more of the UL amplification and filtering pathor the DL amplification and filtering path is configured to switchbetween one or more of: the UL donor antenna port; or the DL donorantenna port.
 17. The repeater of claim 1, further comprising one ormore of: an UL multiband filter on the UL amplification and filteringpath, wherein the UL multiband filter is configured to filter signals ontwo or more non-spectrally adjacent bands; or a DL multiband filter onthe DL amplification and filtering path, wherein the DL multiband filteris configured to filter signals on two or more non-spectrally adjacentbands.
 18. The repeater of claim 17, wherein the UL multiband filter orthe DL multiband filter comprises a plurality of bandpass filters in asingle package, wherein the plurality of bandpass filters are impedancematched to enable operation in the single package.
 19. The repeater ofclaim 18, wherein the UL multiband filter or the DL multiband filter isa dual-common port multi-bandpass filter.
 20. The repeater of claim 1,further comprising a multiplexer configured to: couple the ULamplification and filtering path to the bi-directional server antennaport; and couple the DL amplification and filtering path to thebi-directional server antenna port.
 21. The repeater of claim 20,wherein the multiplexer is a diplexer, a duplexer, a multiplexer, acirculator, or a multi-common port multi-filter package.
 22. A signalbooster, comprising: a signal amplifier that includes one or moreamplification and filtering signal paths, wherein the one or moreamplification and filtering signal paths are configured to amplify andfilter signals; a bi-directional device antenna port; an uplink (UL)node antenna port; a downlink (DL) node antenna port; a UL amplificationand filtering path coupled between the bi-directional device antennaport and the UL node antenna port, wherein the UL node antenna port isconfigured to be coupled to an UL node antenna; and a DL amplificationand filtering path coupled between the bi-directional device antennaport and the DL node antenna port, wherein the DL node antenna port isconfigured to be coupled to a DL node antenna that is separate from theUL node antenna.
 23. The signal booster of claim 22, further comprising:a receive diversity DL device antenna port; and a receive diversity DLnode antenna port configured to be coupled to a receive diversity DLnode antenna to provide a receive diversity signal.
 24. The signalbooster of claim 23, wherein: the receive diversity DL node antenna portis coupled to a receive diversity DL amplification and filtering pathcoupled between the receive diversity DL device antenna port and thereceive diversity DL node antenna port.
 25. The signal booster of claim23, wherein the UL node antenna port, the DL node antenna port, or thereceive diversity DL node antenna port are configured to be coupled toone or more of an omnidirectional antenna or a directional antenna. 26.The signal booster of claim 22, wherein the UL node antenna port isconnected to a power amplifier without filtering between the poweramplifier and the UL node antenna port.
 27. The signal booster of claim22, wherein the UL node antenna port is coupled to a power amplifierwith low-order filtering coupled between the UL node antenna port andthe power amplifier to filter harmonics emitted by the power amplifier.28. The signal booster of claim 22, wherein: the DL node antenna port isconnected to a low-noise amplifier without filtering between thelow-noise amplifier and the DL node antenna port; or the DL node antennaport is coupled to a low-noise amplifier with a switchable filterbetween the low-noise amplifier and the DL node antenna port.
 29. Thesignal booster of claim 22, wherein the repeater is configured toamplify signals in up to six bands, wherein each band comprises aseparate amplification and filtering path, and wherein the up to sixbands are selected from one or more of: Third Generation PartnershipProject (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) frequency bands 1 through 85,3GPP 5G frequency bands 1 through 86, or 3GPP 5G frequency bands 257through
 261. 30. The repeater of claim 22, wherein one or more of the ULamplification and filtering path or the DL amplification and filteringpath is configured to switch between one or more of: the UL node antennaport; or the DL node antenna port.